ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF EGYPT

Edited by F. Ll. GRIFFITH

T 1 1 ES T ) ' F( > / 'R 77/ MEMOIR

THE EOCK TOMBS OF ME IE

PART III,

THE TOME-CHATEL OF UKH-HOTP SON "OF UKH-HOTP

AND ME ESI (B, No. T)

m

AYLWAKD M. BLACKMAN, ALA,

LAYCQCK STUDEST OK EGYPTOLOGY AT WORCESTER COLLEGE, OXFORD; LATE OXFORD UNIVERSITY NUBIAN RESEARCH SCHOLAR ;

FORMERLY SCHOLAR OF QUEERS COLLEGE

WITH THIRTY-MINE PLATES

J

(FIVE COLOURED!

LONDON

SOLD AT

The OFFICES OF THE EGYPT EXPLORATION FOND, 37, Great Russell Street, W.C.

and d27, Trkmont Temple, Bostons Mass,, U.S.A,

also by KEG AN PA UL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO., Broadway House, 68-74, Carter Lank, E.C,

B. yOMUTCH, 11, Grafton Street, New Bond Street, W, ; ASHER** CO., 14, Bedford Street, Covknt Garden, W.C. HUMPHREY MILFORD (Oxford University Press), Amen Corner, E.C., and 29- LS5* West 32nd Street, New York, U.S.A, and C. F. CLAY (Cambridge University Press), Fetter Lane, E.&

1015

ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF EGYPT

Edited by F. Ll. GRIFFITH

T WENTY-FO UR TIT MEMOIR

THE ROCK TOMBS OF ME IB

PART III.

THE TOMB-CHAPEL OF UKH-HOTP SON OF TJKH-HOTP

AND ME RSI (B, No. 4)

by

AYLWARD M. BLACKMAN, M.A.

LAYCGCK STUDENT OF EGYPTOLOGY AT WORCESTER COLLEGE, OXFORD; LATE OXFORD UNIVERSITY NUBIAN RESEARCH SCHOLAR;

FORMERLY SCHOLAR OF QUERN’S COLLEGE

WITH THIRTY-NINE PLATES

(five coloured)

LONDON

SOLD AT

The OFFICES OF THE EGYPT EXPLOBATION FUND, 37, Great Bussell Street, W.C.

and 527, Tremont Temple, Boston, Mass., U.5.A.

also by KEG AN PAUL* TRENCH, TRURNER & CO,, Broadway House, 68-74, Carter Lane, E,C.

B, QUARITCH, 12, Grafton St&ket, New Bond Street, W, ; ASHER & CO.T 14, Bedford Street, Covent Garden, W.C, HUMPHREY MILFORD (Oxford University Press), Amen Corner, E.C,, and 29-35, West 32nd Street, New York, U.RA. and C, F. CLAY (Cambridge University Press), Fetter Lane, E.C.

1915

LONDON :

PRINTED nv WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMIT ED,

DL’KK STREET t STAMFORD STREET. S.TL. AMD GREAT WINDMILL STREET, Wr

EGYPT EXPLORATION FUND

president

The Rt. Hon, The KARL OF CROMER, G.O.R, O.M., G.C.M.G*, KC.S.I*

tDice^p residents

Field- Marshal, the Bt* Hon, Lord Gren¬ fell, G*C.B*, G.C.M.G,, etc.

The Rev. Prof. A. H, Sayce, M.A.,

D.C.L, D.Litfc.

Sir F. G. Kenyon, K.C.B., D.Litt., F.B.A. The Hon, Chak. L. Hutchinson (U.S.A.)

Prof. Wallace N. Stearns, Ph.I). (U.S.A.) Prof. Sir Gaston Maspero, K.C.M.G.,D.C.L (France)

Prof, Ad, Erman, Ph.D. (Germany)

Prof* Edouard Naville, D*C.L., etc* (Switzerland)

t>on, treasurers

J* Grafton Milne, Esq., M.A. Chester I. Campbell, Esq* (U*S.A.)

fxm* Secretaries

H. B, Hall, Esq*# M.A*, F.S.A. Eckley Brlnton Coxe, Esq., Junr. (U.S.A.)

Eonald M. Burrows, Esq., D.Litt.

Somers Clarke, Esq., F.S.A.

James S. Cotton, Esq*, M.A.

Sir Arthur John Evans, D.Litt,, F.B.S., F.B.A.

Alan H* Gardiner, Esq., D.Litt,

F. Ll, Griffith, Esq., M.A., F.S.A.

H* A, Gruerer, Esq., F.S.A.

D, G, Hogarth, Esq., M*A.# F.B.A., F.S.A, Prof. L* W. King, Lifcfc.D., F.S.A.

F, Legoe, Esq*, F.S.A*

Captain H, G. Lyons, F.B.S.

Mrs, McClure,

The Eev. W, MacGregor, M.A.

Bobert Mond, Esq., F.B.S.E.

Francis Wm. Percival, Esq., M.A., F.S.A,

G, G. Seligman, Esq., H.D,

Mrs. Tirard.

Prof, Thomas Whittemore (for U.S.A*)

| E. Towry Whyte, Esq*, M.A*, F.S.A,

flDembers of Committee

CONTENTS.

PAGE

List ok Plates and Figures in the Text, with references to the pages on which

they are Described *x

The Tomb-chapel ok Ukh-hotp son of Ukh-hopt and Mersi (B, No. 4).

Titles of Ukh-hotp . 1

Attributes of Ukh-hotp 2

Members of Ukh-hotp’s Family 3

Priests, Officials, and Servants . . ■ • - • • ... 4

Religion ....... ...... 7

Festivals 8

Description of the Tomb-chapel ......... 8

Additions and Corrections . . . . . . • ■ ■ • .85

Indexes.

1. List of Authorities quoted . . . . ■ ■ 39

II. General Index .... ...... 40

III. Egyptian Words . . , . . . . • ■ .41

PREFACE.

The drawings for this record of Tomb-chapel B, No. 4, were begun in the season 1912-13, and completed during the latter half of the season 1913-14. Most of the photographs were taken in the winter 1911-12 ; a complete set of them can be obtained on application to the Secretary of the Egypt Exploration Fund, 37, Great Russell Street, London, W.C. Mr. F. F. Ogilvik’s water-colour facsimiles of some of the painted reliefs are reproduced on Pis. XXVIII-XXXII.

AYLWARD M. BLACKMAN,

LIST OP PLATES AND FIGURES IN TEXT,

WITH REFERENCES TO THE PAGES ON WHICH THEY ARE DESCRIBED.

Pr-ATE PAGES

I. Ground-plan and sections of Tomb-chapel B, No. 4 . . . . 8, 9

IT. Outer room : north wall : west end, upper registers . . . . .11

III. Outer room: north wall: west end, lower registers . . . . 11, 12

IV. Outer room : north wall : centre and east end . . . . ■. 12, 13

V, 1. Outer room: east wail: north of entrance . • . . . 13, 14

V, 2. Outer room : east wall : south of entrance . ■ ■ ■ .14

VI. Outer room: south wall: east end . . . . . . . 14, 15

VII. Outer room : south wall : centre . . . . . . . 14, 15

VIII. Outer room: south wall: west end . . . . . . 14, 15

IX. Outer room : west wall : north of approach to statue-recess : entrance to

inner room . . . , . . . . . 10, 15, 16

X. Outer room : west wall : south of approach to statue-recess, upper registers 16-21

XI. Outer room: west wail: south of approach to statue-recess, lower registers 16-21

XII. Exterior of approach to statue- recess : north wail, upper registers . . 21

XIII. Exterior of approach to statue- recess : north wall, lower registers . . 21

XIV. Exterior of approach to statue-recess : south wall . . . . 22, 23

XV, 1. Entrance to approach to statue-recess : east face of north jamb . . 21, 22

XV, 2. Entrance to approach to statue-recess : west face of north jamb . . 23, 24

XV, 3. Entrance to approach to statue-recess : thickness of south jamb . . .24

XV, 4. Entrance to approach to statue-recess : thickness of north jamb ■ . 23, 24

XVI, 1. Entrance to approach to statue-recess: east face of south jamb . 22

XVI, 2. Interior of approach to statue-recess : south wall ..... 24

XVII. Interior of approach to statue-recess : north wall .... 23, 24

XVIII, 1. Interior of approach to statue-recess: west wall: south of statue-recess 25,26

b

LIST OF PLATES.

x

PUTS PAGES

XVIII, 2, Interior of approach to statue-recess : west wall : north of statue- recess . 25

XIX. Statue-recess ; architrave and north and south jambs . . . 10, 26

XX. West wall of statue-recess (cf. Davies, Ptahhetep, i., Pis. xix-xx a) . . 27

XXI. Inner room : north wall : west end ...... 27-30

XXII, Inner room : north wall : east end ...... 27-30

XXIII, 1. Inner room: east wall: north of entrance: registers 1-3 . . 30,31

XXIII, 2. Inner room: east wall: south of entrance: registers 1-4 ... 32

XXIV, 1. Inner room : cast wall : north of entrance : registers 4 and 5 . 31, 32

XXIV, 2. Inner room: east wall: south of entrance: registers 5 and 6 . 32, 33

XXV. Inner room : south wall : west end . . . . . . 33, 34

XXVI. Inner room : south wall : east end ...... 33, 34

XXVII. Inner room : west wall ......... 34

* XXVIII. Sample of decoration around entrance to inner room (see PI. IX) . . 15

XXIX. Outer room : west wall : south of approach to statue-recess : part

of register 6 (see PI. XI) . . . ■ . . . .19

XXX. Exterior of approach to statue-recess : part of south wall (see

PI. XIV) . 23

XXXI. Inner room : east wall : north of entrance: register 2 (see PI. XXIII) 30,31

XXXII. Inner room : south wall : part of register 3 (see PI. XXV) . . .33

f XXXIII, 1. General view of Tomb -chapel B, No. 4 (photograph taken March 1913) . 9

XXXIII, 2. The same after removal of debris (photograph taken December 1913) . 9

XXXIV, 1. Outer room : entrance and south wall (see Pis. I, VI— VIII) ... 9

XXXIV, 2. Outer room : east wall (south of entrance), south wall, and part, of

approach to statue-recess (see Pis. V, 2, VI— V III, XVI, 1) . . 9

XXXV, 1. List of the nomarchs of Cusae and their wives (see Pis. X, XI, XXIX) . 19

XXXV, 2, Tomb-chapel 0, No. 1: part of north wall (Ukh-hotp son of

Ukh-hotp and Heni the Middle, wrapped in a striped cloak or

blanket) ........... 25

XXXVI, 1. List of the nomarchs of Cusae and their wives : part of registers 4

and 5 (see Pis. XI, XXXV) . . . . . . . 18,19

XXXVI, 2. Three of Ukh-hotp’s retainers (see PI. XVIII, l) . . . .26

XXX VII, 1, List of the nomarchs of Cusae and their wives : part of register 4

(see Pis. XI, XXXV, 1) . 18, 19

XXXVII, 2. List of the nomarchs of Cusae and their wives : part of register 5

(see Pis. XI, XXXV, 1) . 18

t Pis. XXXIIT— XXXIX arc photographic.

* F1k* XXVIII — XXXII are coloured.

LIST OF PLATES AND FIGURES IN TEXT. xi

PI.ATK PAGES

XXXVII, 3. The Nomarch’s kitchen (see Pis. XXU1, 1, XXXI) , . . 30, 31

XXXVIII, 1. Female members of Ukh-hotp’s family (see Pis. XIV, XXX) ... 23

XXXVIII, 2. A Art-servant with ewer and basin (see Pis. XXV, XXXil) . 33

XXXIX, 1. Inner room : west end of south wall (see PI. XXV) .... 33

XXXIX, 2. Inner room : west end of south wall (see PI. XXV) .... 33

Fig. 1. Example of star on ceiling of statue-recess and approach to statue-recess . . 10

Fig. 2, Dado of outer room . . . . . . . . . . .11

Fig. 3. Dado of inner room . . . . . . . . . . .27

THE

ROCK TOMBS OE MEIR.

PAST III.

THE TOMB-CHAPEL OF UKH-HOTP SON OF UKH-HOTP AND MERSI (B, No. 4).

TITLES OF UKH-HOTP.

Title.

®aron and Nomarch (Basha).1 Nomareh (Basil a).1

Treasurer.

|1 ^ Confidential Friend.

1? —

y, Priest of Hathor.

1 ff |’ ^ 1 1 Ilf J Superintendent the Prints.

1 III ? 1^1’ Superintendent of the Priests of Hathor.

, Superintendent of the Priests

kTll

of Hathor, Mistress of Cusae.

D "T Superintendent of the Priests of the

I K37(«c) f=P r

Mistress of Heaven.2 , Sem-pricst (sin).

^T_J, Sem-priest of the Mistress of the Two Lands.5

^=5=’ 1

P P

f 1^4 ^37, Master of every Kilt.3 | Y 'c?C| <==>, Master of every Divine Office.4

1 See Meir, i, p. 18, footnote 1.

3 See Davies, Deir el-Gebrdwi, i, p. 8 with footnote 1.

Plates.

IX, XII, and passim.

IX, XVIII, and passim.

IX.

xir.

II, XVIII, I, XIX, XXI, XXII. XVI, 1.

IX.

xvin, 2.

IX.

XVIII, 2.

3 Cf. Meir, ii, p. 2.

4 See Davies, Deir cl-GebraiEi, i, p. 8, no. 23

B

2

THE ROCK TOMBS OF MEIIi.

Title,

I ^ JJ S’ Gkief Lector,

I ^ J ? Ill Lector of the Great Euuead of Gods.

1 "r3* Scribe of the Go,1’s Book-

^ '^^=» ^*w ©) Chief of the Notables of Upper Egypt.

1

"ioi , lie who is over the Secrets of that which One (alone) sees.1

II Trtie King’s Acquaintance.

y ^ Ee\’ He W^° 18 over tbc Alystcries of Uto and Nekhbet.

§ c ^ Lj Furbisher of the Diadem.

a * ls i

ttu ftWM I

^-~J3 JS

^ ^ rWAA 0

<=>0 ! ® 'C371

Valiant Director (of Public Works) to the King, whom he (the sovereign) praises in the daily affairs of every day.

Plates.

XIX.

IX.

XIX.

IX.

XII.

IX.

ATTRIBUTES OF UKH-HOTP.

Attkiuutls.

^onourc^‘

\y C* M «2> IS’ Hououi'‘ld l,y Hathor.

Q Ip QQ lllftswf C^> 1* Honoured [by Osiris Lord of] Busiris. Possessor of Honour.

U J, j , justified.

^ | ^3^, Justified in the presence of Anubis.

J^LJ, /h LI, Possessor of a ka~

’San ...[?] in the Great House.

Platks.

IV, IX, and passim. IX.

XV, 1.

II, XVII, XXVII. Ill, IV, and passim. IV.

VIIJ, XXL XII.

1 See Davies, Deir el-Gebrdtvit ii, p. 2t footnote 4* 2 See Meir, ii, p. 22, footnote 2*

4 Cf+ Meir, iiT p. 4 ; or perlmps this is a title (c£. hlty-' w pr wr; Newberry, Beni Havan, i, p* 41).

TH13 TOME-CHAPEL OP UKHHOTP SOX OF UKH-HOT1’ AX1> MKIiSt.

AlTHIBUTfiS.

Satisfying the King (ny-wt)

in all his conduct.

(j -jj- o 5^, Favourite of Horus Lord of the Two Lands.

iCKj £ap£ ^ . . ^ ® ^J. Making smooth the way of him who established

him.

1 P =^D Beloved of the God, Pleasing the God in the matter

of what he desired.

PAJLV*’ Rcn,1y of Tongue.

Pi. A TBS.

[X.

XIX.

XII.

	MEMBERS	OF UKJL II OTP’S FAMILY.
Name.	Status.	Title or Attributes.	Plates.
$ ~^\|. Ukh-hotp.	Father.	The Honoured One, his Father, son of a Nomnreh, Superin¬ tendent- of Land.	XXVII.
		(Name only.)	JH. IX, XII, XV, 1 XIX, XXVII.
^ p, ^ p [j, Morsi.	Mother.	“1= — , His Mother.	XVIII, l.
		^ ^ ^ d!! H’ His Mother, daughter of a Nom- arch, the Justified.	XXVII.
		(Name only.)	IV, XIII, XIX, XXVII.
Thut-hotp.	Wife.	••••Ilf— JL — jISI' — '^?1 1 .... whom he o J 1 favours, his darling, Mistress of the House.	VII.
		Ukh-hotp’s daugh¬ ter.	XVIII, 1.
		Mistress of the
		House, the Justified.	XXVII.
			B 2

4

the hock tombs of meib.

Name,	Status,	Title or Attributes.	Plates,
A Wma ft P JJ Ij, Senbi.	Eldest soo,1 , The Justified,	XVIII, 2, XXVI (?).
Araenem- het-ankh.	Second son,1 V M ? His (the Nomarch s) beloved one.	XVIII, 2.
fl Amem.2 1 jWvVVs 1 1			XXVI.
0 Jwvwi is P Jj (j, Senbi.	Youngest	son.1	XVIII, 2, XXVI (?).
^ P (j, Mersi.	Daughter,	^ (\|fj , Ills beloved one.	VI, XVIII, 1.
t]fn’ Ufeh-l?otp.	Brother,		XIV, XXII.
$ Ukh-)30tp.	Brother,		XXII.
Sebck-hotp.	Brother,		XIV.
1"^ S’ Heni the Middle.	Brother ?		XIV.
M ^ ’ Ini'	Brother.	His brother, Ukh-hotp’s son.	XXII.
(No name.)3	Brother.		XXII.
Mersi.	Sister,		XIV.
PRIESTS, OFFICIALS, AND SERVANTS.
Title,		Name, *kc.	Plates,
^ q, Undertaker,		I*rL	III, XXIII, 2.
		hotp’s son Ikri the Justified.	XVII.
		(No name,)	XXIII, 2.
$t\ \\ 1 S’ w^10 Pres^es hi the God’s Booth.4	(No name.)	XXI.
^ J^, Attached to the God’s	Booth.3	(No name.)	XXIII, 2.

1 Bee PL XVIII, 2, p, 25, funtnute 4. The youth with the side-lock on PL V, 1, who is labelled li His son Senbi,'* may be either the eldest or the youngest .

2 Probably a shortened form of Amenemhet-ankh j perhaps the man labelled , , . , yet another representation of this son (see p. 22),

3 See below, p, 30, footnote 7. 4 See below, p 28, footnote 12, r* See below, p, 32, footnote 2,

1 » P1- XIV >•

T£tE TOMB-CHAPEL OF UKH-HOTP SON OF UKH-HOTP AND ME RSI.

5

Title.	Name, Jtc.	Plates.
\| ffl JJ > ffi Jj ^ j , Lector, Lectors.	(No names.) f • Vito Ankb's boo Heim.1 2	xr, xvi, 2, xvii, xxi, XXII 1, 2, XXV. XXII.
		XXITI, 2.
I- ^ Jj S’ Ltoief Lector.	^ WawA pi Q iL Khnumi. WW 1	XXII, XXIII, 2 (?).
t ^ J] @ f^\| ^ ^ief Lector. Scribe of the Books.	son Ukh-hotp.	XXI If, 2.
f iZZXW’ ""//-priests.	(No names.)	XVII.
f C*l' 6-priest of Sckhmet.	<W ? Nezem’s sod Ukh-
	hotp’s son Heni the Middle.	111.
/ 1 * W //-priest of the r J <v^A <=> r Grotto-chapel.	(Two figures without names.)	XXIV, 2.
r2$\ <2>(X)» IL7/-pricsts of the Grotto-chapel.		XL
H7^ //-priest ami fmy-hnt.	(Three figures without names.)	XIV.
kriiT. w**	(No name.)	xxnr, 2.
<=>(<), imy-hnt (?).	(No name.)	XXV.
Tut -priest {hni-k :).	(No names.)	XXIII, 2, XXIV, 2, XXV.
^ i\|Ttb the God’s Treasurer.3	(No name.)	xxnr, 2.
^ ^ y s Superi n tenden t of the Temple-land.	Q c=^=, Khnem-hotp.	XIV.
Cup-bearcr.4	(No names.)	XVI, l, XXV, XXVI.
Q^> Cup-bearer of the	\| 0 Henu-hak.	XVI.

Grotto-chapel.

1 The same person as aHenu the Younger” on PI. XXI, who is pouring water over the hands of the fanty xli-ntr.

2 Bee below, p, 22, footnote 13. * See below, p. 32, footnote 12. 4 See below, p, 22, footnote 5.

6

THE KOOK TOMBS OF MEIIL

XrTLE.	Name,	Plates.
5^ \| 0 ^], The Cup-bearers of
the Estate.		XVI, I, XXV
<=> Superintendent	(No name. )	Ell.
of the Cattle.
j\| ^ . Superintendent of the	(Four figures without, names.)	XXVI.
Kitchen.1
[S*^c“d?] [Steward?] of	Khnem-hotp.	V, 2.
the Silver House.
Steward. n v
Truly beloved of his master, Si-nui the Justified.	XVIII, 2.

	^rn MWVi T / jvww <^iv> Na-renm. AA/V Wi "	XXIII, 2.
\| > Scribe of the Cattle.		III.
£\|, Follower.	l M ^ — $> •** V
	His favourite. . . . Ukh-hotp’s son Iletept.	XVUI, 1.
Superintendent of tile
Fishermen.		VIII.
Herald (?) {wlunw ?).	IkT5-’ Ukh-™-“£	III.
An attendant.	aaaaaa atvvnaa ^ a 4^n , ISum s son r— . W ^ u C □’
	Khnum-hotp.	XXVI 1.
Aam-herdsman.®	Kha-wesheb.	III.
[Member]	(No name.)	hi.
of a Department of the Cattle -farm (an Aam-herdsman *).
(^e Nomarch’s) sub¬		XVII.
jects.
^ ^ His servants. 0 1 ’ta) , His servants of JT\| 1 l CD»"		XVII. XV.
the Estate.

1 See below, p. Z'3, footnote 13.

'* See below, p, 1 L

THE TOM It -CHAPEL OF UKH-HOTP SOX OF UKH-HOTL* AN1) 5IEKSI.

RELIGION.

Divixitibs.

Divinity,	Titles AND Attjuuctks.	Plates,
jj -OC*., jj -<sz>- Osiris.	Lord of Busiris.	ix, xv, i, xrx.
	i"k1 of Busiris, Great God, Lord of
	Abydos.	XXVII.
Osiris (as designation of the de¬ ceased Nomarch).		iv, xii r, xxi.
Isis{?).		XIX.
Anuhis.	Who is on his Hill. f Piercer (?) of the Two	IV. IX, XIX.
	Lands, Who is on his Hill.	XIII.
	. . . % c^yi, .... Lord
	of the Necropolis.	XXVII.
Ifi*. Thoth.		IX.
D § 1 . . Ptah-Sokaris.		XXVII.
^L, Hathor.		XII, XVI, 1, XIX.
	Mistress of Cusae. Mistress of the Two	IX.
	Lands.	XIX.
D Mistress of Heaven.		IX.
^37 ' , Mistress of the Two Lands. <»«> =^=’		IX.
MS’ Ml Sekhet <thc Ficld' goddess).		V, 1, VII, V1IJ.
D, The Southern Itr't.		IX.
fi 11*“ il’ Northern Jtr't.		IX.

of Gods.

IX.

THE ROCK TOMBS OP MEER.

8

Divinity. Titles and Attributes,

[?]l 111 Zi ^ a H-* ° i ©> The Great

Ennead of Gods which is in Helio¬ polis.

2 111 f§j[» Tfae Ennead of Gods

in Cnsae.

Z, The God of Edfu. ^37 D Lord of I leaven.

| ° 1L , XJto and Nekhbet (i.e. the crowns of Upper and Lower Egypt).

j^L| . The Great Magician (i.e. the Pharaonic diadem).

| ®, Sekhmet.

Plates.

IX.

XIX.

IX.

III.

FESTIVALS.

^ 0(1 Z L The Monthly and Half-monthly Festivals.

AAA/WA 11 Vi/ t

TW Tho Five Epagomcnal Days.

|| |j(j !, The Supper (of the Beginning of the Year).1

? J (!) P M Ft^5 2 g00<Hy Day °f Supper (of the Beginning of the Year).

^Tj ^L?y the IF.’^-festival,

333 ^ l^r' j [~9?1 ? All goodly festivals of the Blessed Dead upon the Mountain.3

®°{ Q . The feasts which usher in each season.

1 n ill1

Plates.

xiii.

XIII.

XIII. IV. XIII. XVIII. XVI, 1.

DESCRIPTION OF TOMB-CHAPEL.

The tomb-chapel of Ukh-hotp sou of Ukh- predecessors. Unlike those of Senbi and Sen bis hotp and Mersi (see PI. I for a ground-plan and son Ukh-hotp (B, Nos. i and 2), it consists of sections) is more elaborate in its construction two rooms/ a large outer, and a much smaller than the tomb-chapels of his Xllth Dynasty inner, room. The outer room is about 4 m. 30 cm.

1 See below, p. 13, footnote & '* Sec below, p. 13, footnote 5,

3 Cf, Newbekky, Beni Haxan^ i, PI. xxv, 11. 95, 96.

4 B, No* 3, consists of an outer pillared room and an inner chamber with a plain statue-recess in the west wall, but it contains nothing like the u approach to the statue-recess " which is such a distinguishing feature of B, No. 4 .

THE TOMB-CHAPEL OF UKH-HOTP SON OF UKH-HOTP AND MEESI.

long and 5 m, 40 cm. wide ; and from door to ceiling at the north-west corner, where a frag¬ ment of the roof is preserved, the height is 2 m. 60 cm. The entrance to the chapel (see Pis. XXXIII, 2, XXXIV, 1) is of the same character as the entrances to B, Nos. 1 and 2.' Here, as there, a portion of the face of the rock (some 4 m. 75 cm. in extent) has been cut back for about two metres. In the back wall of the recess thus formed is the doorway admitting to the outer room. The door-jambs — which are 29 cm. wide and project about 3 cm. only from the wall — and the reveals are dressed smooth. The surface of the rest of the wall, however, and of the north and south walls, is left very rough ; indeed, the south wall and the south end of the west wall have only been clumsily hacked out of the rock, and no attempt has been made to obtain either straight lines or right angles. Apparently there was at one time a stela let into the northern half of the back wall (see PI. XXXIII, and cf. Meir, i, p. 8). The threshold {sec PI. XXXIV, 1) projects 25 cm. beyond the jambs and is carried 15 cm. past them, but it only extends inwards for half the width of the reveals (see PI. I). Where it ends the northern reveal is cut back about 8 cm. and the southern about 12 cm. In the angle thus formed in the southern reveal is the socket for the door- pivot ; there is no groove, as in B, Nos. 1 and 2, for a door-frame.

The chief feature of the outer room is the elaborate approach to the statue -recess in the west wall (see PI. XXXIII, 1, 2). A pathway, 1 m. 80 cm. long and 1 m. 50 cm. wide, sunk 5 cm. below the level of the rest of the floor, terminates in a flight of steps leading up to a platform which stands against the west wall. The platform is open in front but has a wall on the north and south sides, which once, as can be seen from the photographs just referred to, reached to the ceiling. Thus a sort of porch

was formed in front of the statue- recess, which is situated in the centre of the back of the plat¬ form, i.e. in the centre of the west wall of the main room. The statue-recess, as appears in the plan, was closed by double doors, opening outwards, for the pivots of which there are sockets in the threshold and lintel (see PI. I, A, B). The ends of the north and south walls of the “porch,” which form the jambs of its entrance, rest each upon a maitfa&a-like pedestal, the sides of which have a distinct batter. 2

In the west wall of the outer room, north of the approach to the statue-recess, is the doorway admitting to the inner room. The threshold consists of a high step which projects slightly beyond the jambs and is carried along the whole wall-space either side of the doorway. It occupies more than half the width of the reveals, which, where it terminates, are cut back as in the case of the entrance to the outer room. At this point the floor between the reveals, and for the same width some 15 cm. farther west, is cut away to the depth of 5 cm., as though a sunk pathway leading to the false door in the wall immediately opposite had been begun but never completed, This hollow in the floor, as it is, seems to serve no purpose, unless indeed it was part of a contrivance to block the entrance on some occasion. Probably no ordinary door was erected here, for there are no sockets either in the lintel or in the floor.

As we learn from the cartouches which are incorporated in the scheme of decoration above the statue-recess, Ukh-hotp flourished and excavated his tomb-chapel in the reign of Amenemhet II. All the information that we possess about his family history has already been communicated on pp, 11-13 of

2 In the ground-plan the top of the maslaba is marked by unbroken, the base by broken, lines. Only the top of the maataba shows in the photograph (PL XXXIV, 2), which was taken before the floor was completely cleared of dSbiis.

1 See Meir } ii7 pp. 9, 10.

C

10

THE ROCK TOMBS OF HEIR.

Meir, i,1 where it has been pointed out that he is possibly the grandson of Ukh-hotp son of Senbi through that nomarch’s daughter Mersi.

The reliefs in this tomb-chapel differ consider¬ ably from those in B, Nos, 1 and 2. In the first place they possess none of that vigour and vivacity which so distinguish the work of the Onsite craftsmen in the earlier part of the XUth Dynasty ; and secondly, they are executed to a large extent in plaster, thus forming the connect¬ ing link between the sculptures in stone that decorate the chapels of Senbi and his immediate successor, and the frescoes in C, No. 1, which date probably from the time of Sesostris II— III. While the technique is perfect — the minutest details being put in with paint-brush or chisel with infinite care — all the old naturalism has vanished. In short, these reliefs are executed in the ordinary, but very finest, XUth Dynasty manner, as are tliose, for example, that adorn the chapels of some of the nomarchs of the Hare nome at El-Bersheh. Perhaps Ukh-hotp was permitted as a favour to employ Court artists. Anyhow, the character of the work is distinctly suggestive of Court influence, of which also the cartouches of Amenemhot II are also indicative — and cartouches, it should be observed, occur in no other XUth Dynasty tomb-chapel at Meir. Moreover, in the titles3 and attributes which appear upon the jambs of the statue-recess and of the door admitting to the inner room (see Pis. IX, XIX, pp. 15, 16, 26, 27) may we not observe a somewhat closer connection between the Nomarch of Cusae and the reigning sovereign than appears to have existed in the times of Ukh-hotp’s grandfather and great-grandfather ?

1 The materials afforded by his own tomb^chapei are put together in the list on pp* 1-8 ; see also p, 34, footnote 3.

Especially the titles

■ “

which connect the nomarch with

the guardianship and cult of the Pharaonic diadems {see Erman, AegypUn , pp, 97, 98 f and Hymnen an das Diadem der Pharaonen > p, 10)*

OUTER ROOM.

The outer room, as can be seen from the photograph on Pis. XXXIII and XXXIV, has been knocked to pieces by quarrymen (see Meir, i, pp. 9, 15), and the roof, save for- two small fragments — one in the north-west corner and the other just above the platform in front of the statue- recess — has been completely destroyed. The ceiling of the approach to the statue-recess, like that of the recess itself, was coloured a deep blue and studded with yellow stars (see fig. 1), the rest of the ceiling of the outer room being painted salmon-pink in imitation of red granite. The west wall is more or less intact, but the north and south walls, except quite at the west

Fig* 1* Example of star on ceiling of statue -recess and approach to statue-recess. Yellow with red outline. Scale, 2 : 3,

ends, have been terribly shattered, while of the east wall practically nothing remains but a few disfigured scraps of scenes belonging to the bottom register. The approach to the statue- recess is also in a ruinous condition.

Since the discovery of the monument in 1899 those parts of the mural decorations that had survived the destruction wrought by the quarry- men have been cruelly exposed to the tearing blasts of the sand-laden winds which rage furiously over this desolate slope. The once gorgeous reliefs (largely executed in frail stucco) are, besides being broken, so weather-worn that in some cases the subjects depicted can only be recognised after a careful study. Thus the task of copying the scenes, as may well be imagined, demanded a great expenditure of time and an inexhaustible fund of patience. The draughts-

THE TOMB -CHAPEL OF UKH-HOTP SON OF UKH-HOTP AND MERSI.

II

man had to face the further difficulty of an unceasing and generally violent wind that ever threatened to tear from the wall the half-finished tracing or rend it info shreds when pinned down upon the drawing-board for revision in front of the original. As often as not both fell objects were accomplished by this relentless and weari¬ some enemy !

Below the reliefs on all four walls of the outer rooirij and on those also of the approach to the statue-recess and of the recess itself, is a salmon - pink dado with a border at the top of red and yellow bands outlined in black {see % 2).

Salmon-pink.

Fig. 2. Dado of Outer Room. Scale, 1 : 2.

Noeth Wall: West End(I).1 2 (Pis, II and III)

Upper Registers }

Of the scene, or scenes, that occupied the upper half of this part of the north wall only two small fragments survive. In the one are traces of a figure of Ukh-hotp seated on a chair, and in the other the remains of what was evidently a group of musicians.3 * * Above Ukh-hotp are scraps

1 The figures in brackets correspond to the figures in the ground-plan (PL I) and those following the labels on Pis. II-XXYII.

2 These reliefs are cut in the stone, but the surface was touched up with a thin layer of stucco before the paint was applied.

3 The flute-player is quite recognisable. Facing him

there was a squatting vocalist (T) (c£. Meirf ii, PJ. iii}> of

whom only a hand and a knee are preserved;

of his titles and attributes*; the explanatory texts attached to the minstrels are too frag¬ mentary to translate.

Lower Registers?

At the west end of the lower registers is a large figure of Ukh-hotp seated on a chair under a baldachin, the ground (or dais ?) beneath being covered with a chequered carpet or mat. Ukh- hotp, who is wearing a very brightly coloured necklace and bracelets, holds in his right hand a ms'/6-emblem and in his left a handkerchief.7 The scene seems to represent a general inspection of the Nomarch's cattle — including perhaps the loan-herds (see Muller, A* Z . for year 1888, pp. 85, 86 ; Breasted, Records > i, § 522)— and a rendering to him of a report as to their number and condition by the herdsmen and officials in charge of thcm.y Part of the scene was originally carved in stone, but this work was abandoned and reliefs in plaster substituted. The unfinished underlying figures, which the fall of a great deal of the superimposed stucco has revealed, are indicated in the drawing by dotted lines. In the top register of this scene are traces of a man whacking a fighting (?) bull. In the next register Ukh-em-saf, with his spatulate rod tucked into his belt,9 presents to the Nomarch two under¬ lings with foreign features and beard10 who are

4 I.e. [Superintendent] of the Priests, the

Honoured One ... . [born of Mer]si, Possessor of Honour.1 *

5 These reliefs are almost entirely moulded in stucco.

6 For references to articles discussing the sign ||j and the nature of the object it depicts, see Meir% ii, p. 32.

7 See Meirt ii, p. 12, and Blackman, Temple of Z?err, p. 29, footnote L

9 Cf. Newurrry, M-Bersheh, i, pp. 26-30, and FIs. xviii- xix (where the presiding nomarch also sits under a balda¬ chin and holds a msrt)f Egyptian Stelae ^ ii, PI. 22, and Blackman, Journal of Egyptian Archaeology , ii, pp. 13, 14, for further references and for some remarks on this subject.

9 Like the “ herald ” in Meir, ii, PL xv, p. 24.

19 These foreigners are coloured red like the Egyptians ; cf. Boechardt, Qrabdenkmal des Kdnigs Sahu-re} ii, PL 5, for foreigners of similar colour and physiognomy. In view of the inscription above a group of bulls on PL IV, the foreigners must be Vwitc ; see below, p. 13, with footnote 9.

C 2

12

THE ROCK TOMBS OF MEIR.

being pushed and dragged into an appropriately respectful attitude by a pair of ushers. The name of the foremost of the two foreigners seems to be Kha-wesheb {H'-wsb) ; the second has his title (but no name) written in front of him : “ [Member] of a department of the cattle- farm.” 5 Behind these five men are the remains of a smaller figure with a wavy staff,8 perhaps a Beja(?) herdsman, leading a great fatted ox. Below this register are two oxen, each led by a naked Egyptian herds¬ man, and a great bull in charge of another Beja herdsman who leans upon the branch of a tree which serves him as a staff8; it is unfortunate that the head of this Beja is destroyed. The plaster reliefs at the west end of the bottom register evidently represented a scribe seated writing at his bureau (ef. Newberry, Beni. Ilasan, i, PI. xxx, bottom register) with the “ Scribe of the Cattle ” standing behind him. The latter, perhaps, held out a document for Ukh- hotp’s acceptance. The centre and east end of this register are occupied by a long -horned ox led by yet another Beja herdsman,4 and followed by the “ w'b- priest of Sekhmet, Nezem’s son, Ukh- hotp’s son, Heni the Middle.” This Heni, it will be noticed, carries a papyrus-roll in his left hand. The three unfinished figures carved in the stone are very like what the substituted plaster figures8 must have been ; the difference lies in the size of them rather than in the motif. Of the one farthest to the right only the legs have been carved. In front of him is a scribe seated at his bureau and busy writing, while in front of him again stands a herald (?) holding his spatuiate rod passed under his left armpit to be out of the

Ml

fVWVW It

nn, mJ l'1 ni)T

n i ,i'r i

- Of. JlffiiV, i, Pis. x and xxv, 2, and Meir, ii, PI, xix, 3.

3 Cf, Meir , ii, Pis. xix, 1, and xxx, 1. This Hamite seems to be one of the thin, deformed species.

4 See Meir, ii, PI, xviii, for a large-scale dra wing of the head, and op, cit.7 p. 39, for a detailed description.

B On the bureau, partly covered by the remains of the superimposed plaster figure, is a vase containing water for the moistening of the ink in the writing' palette.

way. 'With his arms humbly crossed upon his breast he thus addresses the Nomarch : “ May thy heart be pleased with the Superintendent of the Cattle and his scribe ! ”

Above Ukh-hotp there are two inscriptions. The fragmentary one on the right represents, perhaps, the words of the official Ukh-em-saf who heads the line of figures in register 1 : “ May thy heart he pleased with the counting (?) of thy (?) cattle 6 The inscription

on the left, Ukh -hotp’s reply, reads : “ How excellent it is ! Let it be given to the under¬ taker (wt) Ikri that he may preserve (?) it.”7

North Wall : Centre and East End (2).

(PL IV)

Upper Registers .s

This scene is terribly smashed, and, in addition, the surface of the stone is much injured from exposure to the weather. What is left suggests that the Nomarch was here represented fowling in the papyrus swamps, seeing that on the opposite wall he is depicted as fishing (see Pis. VI-VIII). At the west end of the scene is a man bending beneath a heavy bundle of reeds gathered in the dense papyrus thicket hard by ; above this thicket doubtless once fluttered a swarm of birds —the object of the noble sports¬ man’s boomerang. To the right of the thicket is the reed canoe which contained the now destroyed figure of Ukh-hotp ; the feet of one of his attendants, however, are preserved, as arc also some of the clinging water-weeds through which the light craft has forced her way. The hippopotami and fish that throng the water, though much weathered, are fairly recognisable.

lap i r

m

SS5 £

to

3

(1?]

For the particle _ _ 0 , see Erman, Grammy § 462.

! t Reading <Z> ^ [^?J

3 Stone with a very thin finish of stucco.

THE TOMB-CHAPEL OF UKH-HOTP SON OF UKH-HOTP AND MERSI.-

Lower Registers. 1

These registers are entirely devoted to repre¬ sentations of the Nomarch’s cattle and to farm¬ yard episodes ; they are really a continuation of the scene reproduced on PI. III. The top register in the left half of the scene is occupied by a lino of cows, some of which are accompanied by their young ones, while below them is a row of tethered calves, which struggle in vain to get loose from the ropes that shackle them.2 In the upper part of the scene, at the east end of the wall, a herdsman, under the direction of an over¬ seer, assists at the delivery of a cow, while another herdsman squats upon his straw mat sound asleep under the very nose of the poor panting beast.3 Farther to the right a peasant, leaning upon his staff, watches a group of cattle, of which — so defaced are they — only a cow lying down and licking her calf can be dis¬ tinguished. Quite at the end of this register, judging from the fragmentary inscription, there must have been some bulls.

In the bottom register is a line of great fatted long-horned oxen headed by a deformed *’ Beja herdsman, with a group of smaller cattle bringing up the rear. Above this herdsman is written: “Bring gifts, bring gifts (?) (hns(r() inw (?) sp an) for the Osiris, Ukh-hotp the Justi¬ fied, born of Mersi the Justified, for his ka, the offering (w;h) of his wife, of his children, on his5 goodly Day of the Supper (of the Beginning of the Year 6) !” The long-horns are labelled “Young

1 Stone with a very thin finish of stucco.

2 See Davies, Ptahhetep, ii, p. i 1 and PL xL

2 For this group cf, Meir, i, PL x.

4 Wiedemann's suggestion (Sphinx, xviii, p. 179 ff.) that such figures represent merely an attitude and not a deformation seems impossible,

G Reading the signs in L 4 in the order ^ ^ ^ ^ .

8 Cf. C=l ^ e=*=; ° 1 if) (]Q a ^f=> <=^ ® f,

MM C^WvVv ^ /ww ill 1 J l I I t 1 7

*‘The last day of Mesore, the day of the Supper of the Beginning of the Year” (Dumichen, Kalenderinschriften, PL xxxviii; note the attendant with a basket of provisions).

n

Iwz-oxen, the chosen fatted ones (? sdtUw)" of the stalls, brought to offer unto the ka of the honoured Nomarch, Ukh-hotp, bora of Mersi, Justified in the presence of Anubis.” In front of the two last oxen, resting on a short staff, stands a fat elderly man, who closely resembles (so far as he is preserved) the old fellow in con¬ versation with the boat- builders on the north wall of tomb-chapel B, No. 2. 8 The much de¬ faced group of cattle at the very end of the register is described as : “ The bulls of the Aamu

imw), brought from (or “as”) . ” Un¬

fortunately the end of this label is destroyed. The word 'imw evidently refers to the foreign herdsmen0 on .PL III (see above, p. 11) who are being pushed into the Nomarch’s presence, and not, as I have suggested in Meir, ii, p. 18, foot¬ note 1, to the Beja herdsmen. The cattle in question would have been obtained either by a foray, such as that of Sesostris III,10 or by traffic. They possibly formed part of the trw “ loan- herds” mentioned in Newberry, Bent Hasan , i, Pis. viii, xiii.11

East Wall : North of Entrance (3).

(PI. V, 1)

The east wall north of the entrance, again, has been fearfully shattered, and only the lower part of a hunting scene,12 which probably formed the subject of the whole of this series of reliefs, is preserved. To the left we see the right foot and part of the right leg of Ukh-hotp, who seems to have been depicted as leaning forward to shoot in the attitude adopted by Senbi in a similar scene in tomb-chapel B, No. 1 (Meir, i, PI. vii) ; part of the string of Ukh-hotp’ s bow is still dis¬ cernible. In front of Ukh-hotp stands “ his son

1 See Meir, i, PI. ix. 8 See Meir, ii, PI. iv.

9 For Aamu-siaves in the Middle Kingdom, see Meir, ii, pp. 15, IS (end of footnote 1).

19 See Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, ii, pp. 13, 14.

11 See op. cit., ibid., and MiiLLER, A. Z. for year 1888, p. 85 ff.

19 Stone with a finish of stucco.

14

THE ROCK TOMBS OF MEIR.

Sen[bi],” who, it will be noticed, is wearing the youthful aide-lock.1 The animals at which Ukh- hotp was aiming must have been in the destroyed registers. At either end of the bottom register (the only one preserved) is a net supported at intervals on forked poles.8 Between the two nets are the figures of four men in charge of various captured animals, which they are repre¬ sented as offering to the Nomareh. No. 1 (de¬ stroyed), who drives along an oryx, thus addresses his master : “ An oryx3 for [thy] ka\f, O thou whom the Field-goddess ?] praises ! ” No. 2, who holds an ibex1 by one of its horns, is made to say : “ An ibex for thy kas, 0 favourite of the Field- goddess ! ” No. 3, who was probably depicted carrying a gazelle, exclaims : “ A gazelle (ffhs) for thy kas, 0 thou whom the Field-goddess loves ! ” No. 4 seems to have been carrying a hyena (cf. PI. XV, 1, and p. 22),

East Wall: South of Entrance5 (4).

(Pis. V, 2, XXXIV, 2)

The southern half of the east wall has suffered no less terribly at the hands of vandals than the northern half, a few fragments of the bottom register (/3) and one scrap of the register above it (a) alone surviving.

Register a.

All that remains of the scenes in this register is the greater part of the figure of “ [the Steward ?] of the Silver House Khnem-hotp.” 6

Register /3.

At the north end of this register there seems to have been a party of sandal-makers plying their trade.7 The rest of the register is occupied by carpenters working under the supervision of four (?) overseers (?).

South Wall8 (5).

(Pis. VI-VIII, XXXIV, 2)

The south wall has been almost equally ruined. What remains of the decoration — very fine reliefs beautifully painted — depicts the Nomarch spear¬ ing fish8 and his peasants catching them with net and line or snaring wild fowl. Ukh-hotp,30 who stands in a reed canoe of the usual type, is accompanied by “ his wife, his beloved one, whom he praises, his darling, Mistress of the House, Thut-hotp,” “ his daughter, his beloved one, Mersi,” and a son (?).u Behind Ukh-hotp also — doubtless supposed to be with him in the boat — stand three much injured male figures ; there were, perhaps, one or two more similar rows above them.18 Mersi, referring to the bird she is holding in her hand, calls out to her father: “ 0 Prince, I have brought this bee-cater,” 13 Just under the prow of the eanoe is a small reed skiff containing two fishermen, one of whom, lolling at ease in the stern, has just secured a catch on the end of his line, while his companion, standing upright in the bow, is pulling his loaded net out of the water. This man’s head is remarkably like that of the ivory proto-Egyptian statuette

1 See above, p, footnote 1. For the side-lock cf. the figure of the young Kty standing behind his father Sfom-Jci in Murray, Saqqara Mastabas 3 i, PL vii j see also Davies, Sheikh Said) PL vi ; Newberry, Beni Hasan t i? PI. xxxv, right end of top register.

2 Cf. Meir , i, PI. vi.

4 (j ^ .

6 These reliefs, so far as they are preserved, are carved

in stone. &

[!k V ^ T 6 1 1 ™ b,low' p- “■

7 Cf. Newberry, Beni Hasan , i, PL xi, register 1 ; Ti>*, BeJchmara , PI. xvii, register 2,

R The reliefs at the east end and centre of the wall are carved in stone covered with a very thin coating of stucco ; those at the west end are partly moulded in plaster,

9 See Borchardt, Grabdenhmal des Kimigs Safau-re, ii, p. 30,

10 Destroyed except for part of one leg*

11 Only part of his kilt and a foot are preserved*

12 Cf* N ewberky, El-Bersheh f i, Pis* viii, ix ; L.s D., ii, Pis, 60, 77*

13 See Griffith, Kahnn Papyri 7 p. 100.

THE TOMB-CHAPEL OF UKH-HOTP SON OF UKH-HOTP AND MERSI,

15

from Hierakonpolis reproduced by Elliot- Smith in Ancient Egyptians , p. 52, fig. 2.1 The usual birds flutter above the papyrus thicket or perch on the swaying reeds among which they have built their nests. In accordance with immemorial tradition an ichneumon is depicted as clambering up a bending papyrus-stem in order to steal a fledgeling from its nest, the parent bird mean¬ while making frantic efforts to drive away the ruthless foe.

Of the top surviving register in the eastern half of the wall nothing remains but two very weathered fragments of a fowling scene. In the left-hand fragment the cloth and outstretched arms of the signaller are still recognisable, while in the right-hand one we can just distinguish part of the figure of a man lying on his back and pulling for all lie is worth at the rope attached to the clap-net.2 The bottom register in this half of the wall is occupied by a group of fisher¬ men drawing in a large drag-net3 * * full of fish, under the surveillance of their overseer who leans upon his staff. Both the figures and the accom¬ panying inscriptions are much weather-worn, the latter so much so that it is impossible to determine exactly the spaces once occupied by signs. One of the men to the left of the overseer cries : “ Give a real good pull* for Ukh-hotp, the Possessor of a ka ! ”s The fish, both those caught in the net and those that dart to and fro among the stalks of the lotus-flowers, are exquisitely carved or moulded, as the ease may be, and have been very carefully painted; but a great deal of the paint has been worn off by the action of

1 This suggests that even in Middie Egypt as late as the Xllth Dynasty some sections of the population — especially perhaps those felldhin whose occupations lay in the swamps between the cultivation and the desert — were still un¬ affected by the Annenoid influx. In this connection see Meir, ii, PI. xviii, 15* and p, 40* viii,

2 Cf* L,f D., ii, PL 46, register 3,

3 The cords of the net, indicated by thick black lines in

the drawing, are white in the original,

* See Metr, ii, p- 13, footnote 7.

B See Meiry ii, p, 22, footnote 2.

the wind-blown sand. In addition to the fish there are the usual crocodile and hippopotami, and a pair of water-fowl ; the turtle6 is a less common feature,

West Wall: North of Approach to Statue- Recess (6, 7).

(Pis. IX, XXVIII, XXXIII, l)

The doorway admitting to the inner room occupies most of this part of the west wall. All the available wall-space beside the jambs and above the architrave is covered with a very remarkable painted spiral design, for a large and coloured facsimile of which see Pi. XXVIII. It is interesting that the cartouches above the statue-recess fix the date of this pattern to the reign of Amenemliet II, circa 1938-1903 B.c.

Doorway admitting to Inner Room. Architrave.

Upon the architrave is a mortuary prayer of the usual character in five lines 7 : “ An offering which the king gives and Osiris Lord of Busiris, which Anubis Who is on his Hill gives, which Thoth gives, whieh the northern Itr't and the southern Itr't give, which the Great Ennead of Gods that is in Heliopolis gives, and all the gods — may they grant thee a thousand of bread, beer, flesh, fowl, linen thread, and clothing, and a thousand of everything good and pure whereby the god lives, for the ka of him who is honoured by Hathor Mistress of Cusae, the Baron, Nomareh, Superintendent of the Priests of the Mistress of Heaven,8 Sem-priest (sm) of the Mistress of the Two Lands, He who is over the Secrets of that which One (alone) sees,9 the Nomarch Ukh-hotp the Justified ! "

8 C£. Naville, Deir ebBahari> iii, PL Ixix,

7 Carved in the stone.

8 C£. <rtf$QV(iLv {*.£. the Cusites) *A Ovpattav avnyy

{Aelian, Be Natura Animaliumy x, 27)*

9 See Davies, Deir el-Gebrdwit ii, p, 2* footnote 4.

16

THE ROCK TOMBS OF MEIR.

North Jamb (6).

The decoration of this jamb consists of two ' vertical lines of titles and attributes above a small and much damaged figure of Ukh-hotp, who is seated upon a chair holding a handker¬ chief in one hand and a long staff' in the other.1 The inscription is as follows2: “The Baron, Nomarch, Treasurer, Confidential Friend, Satis- j tying the King [ny-surt) in all his conduct, Valiant Director (of Public Works) to the King,3 j whom he (the sovereign) praises in the daily affairs of every day, the Honoured Nomarch, ! Ukh-hotp’s son, Ukh-hotp."

South Jamb (7).

The decoration of the south, like that of the north, jamb, consists of two vertical lines of titles j and attributes above a small seated portrait of Ukh-hotp4 : “ The Baron, Nomarch, Superin- 1 tendent of the Priests of Hathor Mistress of i Cusae, Lector of the Great Ennead of Gods, He | who is over the Mysteries of Uto and Nekhbet3 j

(vxdty). Furbish er of the Diadem,® Chief of the Notables (wrw) of Upper Egypt, the Nomarch, Ukh-hotp* s son, Ukh-hotp the Justified.”7

West Wall : South of Approach to Statue-Recess (12).

(Pis. X, XI, XXfX, XXXIII, 1, XXXV, 1, XXXVI, 1, XXXVII, 1, 2)

This part of the west wall is occupied by the list8 of Ukh-hotp1 s predecessors in the nomarchy and their wives. The list, to which reference has already been made in Meir, i, pp. 9, 12, and 15, 9 consists of six double registers,10 the upper row in each being of the nomarchs, the lower one of their wives, one to every nomarch. The former sit each upon an ebony chair holding a staff in the right hand and a handkerchief11 in the left, while the latter squat on a green rush-mat or carpet, holding alternately a lotus-flower and a handkerchief. The names,11' beginning at the top and proceeding from left to right, are as follows13 : —

NoMARCIi.

1. Name destroyed.

2.

1 1

J ?

Register L

His Wife.

(, [Mersji.

■■■■Ifu’ Phut?E>otP'

1 The hieroglyphs are carved in the stone, the figure below is moulded in stuceo.

2 Published by Chassinat, Bee. Trav,t xxii, p. 75. 3 Mrp kn « hr ny-eurt

4 The hieroglyphs are carved in the stone, the figure below is moulded in stucco.

5 For this title cf. Sethe, Urk.t iv, 483, 1. 13; Brit. Mus. Stela 839 = Egyptian Stelae, ii, PL 7 (I owe this reference to Dr. A. H. Gardiner) ; see also above, p- 10, footnote 2.

* Reading jj _ a | For this title Gardiner refers me fco jjj ^

Brit. Mus. Stela 574 = Egyptian Stelae, ii, PI. 8, and to an article by Spiegelberg in A. Z,y 34, p. 162 ; see also

above, p. 10, footnote 2, and cf. perhaps jj in Davies, Deir et-Gebrawi, i, p. 8, no. 12.

? Publisher! by Chasbinat, op . citf p. 75. * The whole of this series of reliefs is in stucco.

9 Published by Ciiassinat, the discoverer of the tomb-ehapel, in Bee. Trav.y xxii, pp. 76 and 77. The list has suffered considerable damage since it was first uncovered in 1899, partly from the action of the wind-driven sand and partly from the blows of the stones and rubbish that ran down the face of the wall when Seyd hey Khashabeh’s workmen were digging on the slope just above (see Meir, 1, p. 15).

10 There cannot have lyeen more than these twelve row's unless (which is most unlikely) the room was higher here than on the north side of the approach to the statue-recess.

11 Bee above, p. 11, footnote 7. 12 Restorations of hieroglyphs from Ciiassinat;& copy in square brackets [ j.

Vi Each man's name is preceded by “uomat ch,” and each woman's by f “his wife," the attribute ( o

in the case of the women), “ the J ustified,” following each name.

THE TOMB-CHAPEL OF UKH-HOTP SON OF UKH-HOTP AND MERSI.

17

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8,

9.

10.

Nomabcu.

Name destroyed.

Name and figure destroyed.

His Wife.

Name destroyed.

JJ 55

....pH (I, [Merjsi.1 2

Name and figure destroyed.

Register 2.

Nomarcji,

His Wife,

11.	p p a/vw* ^ ? S . . nu.	Hetep
12.	Name destroyed.	WAAA g , . , JN . - . -
13.	35 55	^ (j(j , Meritef.
14.	.... 8 , . . . . hotp. isssssss’ • F	p J . Seh _
15.	Name destroyed.	Name and figure destroyed.
1C.	Name and figure destroyed.	35 5J 5?
17.	J! 55 3#	55 35 55
18.	>5 53 35	53 5 5 53
19.	35 53 55	S3 55 33
20.	53 53 55	Only part of one leg and foot
3.3	Nomarch.	His Wife.
21.	<=>fl(], Ron si. vwvw\ 1 1	^ (j(J , Meritef.4
22.	(J Jp Q a — o,5 lam,	P Jj , Senb.

1 Possibly our Ukh-hotpTs immediate predecessor is the first nomarch on the list. If so, and if the names of

the wives of nos, 1, 2, and 5 have been correctly restored, then the wife of no, 1 must be Mersi the wife of Ukh-hotp

(son of lam and owner of tomb-chapel A, No, 3; see Meirt I, pp* 11-13) and the mother of our Ukh-hotp, owner of this tomb-chapel (B> No, 4) ; the wife of no, 2, Thut-hotp, will be the wife of Senbi (owner of tomb-

chapel B, No, 3, and son of Ukh-hotp and Thut-hotp ; see pedigree, Meirr i, p, 13) ; the wife of no. 3 wilt be the

wife of lam {who, though I have not suggested it in Meirt i* pp, 11, 12, may well have been nomarch for a short time after the death of his brother (?) Ukh-hotp* before his nephew (1) Senbi held that office ; see pedigree) ; the wife of no, 4 will be the wife of Senbi*s son Ukh-^otp (owner of tomb- chapel B, No, 2) ; and the wife of no, 5, the Mersi who was the wife of Senbi (owner of tomb-chapel B, No, 1), In that case the names of the first five nomarchs in register 1 must be restored to: 1- Ukh-botp, % Senbi, 3, lam, 4. Ukh-hotp, 5, Senbi,

2 Perhaps Hetept should be restored? Hetep, however* occurs as name of a female (Lieblein, Namen-Worter- bnckj 169, 170, 198).

3 Chassinat’s copy commences here; he does not publish the fragmentary names in registers 1 and 2.

is omitted after this name,

as variant for (j Z'* 47 ’ **' i26’ *' ^ ’ 860 also ERMA!f*

Zur agyptinchen Wortforschwig, ii* iii (Sitzungsberichte der KonigL Preuas. Akademie der Wissensehaften, 1912, xxxix), pp, 962, 963.

For this spelling cf.

D

18

THE ROCK TOMBS OF MEIR.

	Komarcil	His Wife.
23.	1) D 1). IPi-	\ ^ > Meritef.
24.	17,*-.	Name and figure destroyed.
25.	IQw	JS ft 93
26.	Name and figure destroyed.	33 3 3 »
27.	93 3J 93	33 39 93
28.	>3 jj it	Name destroyed.
29.	Part of chair only preserved.	^ j\| _ , Mer ....
30.	HZS’ ifeneiite.	Ankh-Pepi.

Register' 4 (see Pis. XXXVI, 1, XXXVII, 2)

Nohabch.

31. Heh-iker.

32. ^ ^ jj, Hem- -

33. fj(j J(j Heni-iker.

34. Name and figure destroyed.

35. ,, ,, ,,

36. Name destroyed.

37- |^()}, Hepi-‘6.

38-

39. j, Nefer-khau.

40‘ H’ Si_Hathor‘

His Wife.

1 2( 6^_^efer_tekbtu3-

™ k> Nebt-*k

Name and figure destroyed.

Register 5 (see Pis. XXXVI, 1, XXXVII, 1).

Nomarcii.

41. j^j jl User-Hathor.

42. [^j j| . . . Hatfaor- ....

43. Name and figure destroyed.

His Wife.

^ Hetept.

^ (j(J , Meritef.

4 T [■$]> Ikot-

§§ o Ankh-Pepi.

jjjy^, .... it Shert (?) (U the Little).

Bi1!— “I"*'-

Pekhert.

^7° Neb-pet.

S**, U- Ktait-HathOT'

I [<J] ~~ [V]| Hen[u!].’

1 Chassinat incorrectly reads ^ instead of 2 See Meirt i, p, I, footnote 3; Meirf it, p. 31, footnote 3.

3 For Henu as a woman’s name see Lieblein, Nainen-Wdrierbuchy 466.

THE TOMB-CHAPEL OF UKH-HOTP SON OF UKH-HOTP AND ME RSI.

19

Nomasch.	His Wife,
44. Scrap of chair only preserved.	DH Hath°r-fti«- ■ • • •
45* [J] iTu [^1 Nefer-hotp.	^ TG* Merer et-Hor.
± \ r-l MWA 46. J ^ ^ afflC; Nefer-khent.	Nefertu.1
r\ ftrtft ArtA 47. Y 9 , Ankhef.	je=@ ini Nefer.menkhet 0 AMW O ^=3, j ’
* \ r-T JWWV\ 48. J ^ Nefer-khent.	i Nebt-towi.
49. f Ukh-em-meref.	2 jp<=>, User-Hathor.
50. Nekht-Hor.	2^ ^■a‘^aus*
6 (see PI. XXIX).
Nomarcm.	His Wife.
51. f f Ukh-em-meref.	□53 Nekht-Hathor.
52. Name and figure destroyed.	[J Nefer-thentet.8
56. i* I. ii	Name and figure destroyed.
54- Ok 3!]* Nekht-Hor.	J5 >3 JJ

55.

56.

57.

58.

Ur - 1 Kis- .... nen.

. Her-hotp.

[eaio* * • r

Kis-em-het.

59. Name destroyed.

At the north end of the bottom register Ukh- hotp gives us his reasons for setting up this pious memorial, in an inscription of three vertical lines : “I made this in order that their names might endure for ever, in order that

[SB I — ]* Zed * • • *

p <=>, User-Hathor. Yakh-Hathor. Hathor . . . . p . . = • l Mat.

there might be a ( coming forth unto the voice’ 5 with the daily fare of every day by § the successive7 lectors and priests of the Grotto- chapel (hrmt) eternally/’

As suggested in footnote l, p, 17, the list is

1 See Libblein, op * eit, 1580.

2 In Chabsinat’s copy there is no but see above, register 5, Nomarch no. 49.

3 See Meir , i, p. 2 , footnote 4, 4 Cuassinat reads

5 I hope shortly to publish an article on pr‘t-r-hrw in the Journal of Egyptian Archaeology,

fi Of, * (j (L.j D.j iij PI, 5 = Aegyptiscke Inschriften autt den Koniglichen Museen m Berlin,

P- 86).

1 ffprdyw (?)-*«. Eeman, Gramm?, § 431,

B 2

30

THE ROCK TOMBS OP MEIB.

perhaps headed by Ukh-hotp son of lam 1 (the immediate predecessor of the owner of this tomb- chapel) and his wife Mcrsi ; but unfortunately the names of the first twenty nomarchs, which would have carried us back well into the Xlth Dynasty, are, except for scraps of nos. 11 and 14, entirely destroyed. Is there any evidence to support the idea that this list is possessed of real historical value, and that, apart from Ukh- hotp son of lam's immediate predecessors, the names of the nomarchs are arranged in chrono¬ logical order? Owing to the damaged condition of the list it is impossible to give a satisfactory answer to this question, but the case for and against such a theory is as follows : — It should be noted in the first place that a large number of the names of the nomarchs are definitely local,2 thus indicating that these men were all rulers of Cusae, and that the list is not a mere enumeration of the ancestors and connections of the owner of this tomb-chapel, who were princes (sometimes contemporaneously) of neighbouring nomes. There are in all fifty-nine nomarchs. If an average of fifteen years is allowed to each nomarch’s tenure of office, the earliest nomarch, no. 59, began to reign 885 years before the death of no. 1 (which probably occurred at the end of the reign of Sesostris I, circa 1935 b.c. ; see Meir, i, p. 8), that is to say about 2820 b.c., some time during the IVth Dynasty (see Breasted, Records, i, p. 40), when the existence of the local princes first becomes apparent (Id., History of Egypt [ed. 1906], p. 79). Again, the name Rensi (no. 2 1 ) is perhaps that of a IXth- Xth Dynasty nomarch (see Sethe, in A. Z., 49, p. 95). According to our calculation this prince would have flourished 315 years before the death of Ukh-hotp son of lam, that is about 2250 B.C. , at the period when, according to

1 See Meir, i, pp. 11, 12.

• E.g. those of nomarchs nos. 38, 40, 41, 43, 49, 51, 56, 58, and wives nos. 38 (see p. 15, footnote 8j, 39, 43, 44, 48 (see Meir, ii, p. 8), 49, 51, 52, 56, 57, 58.

Breasted ( Records , i, p. 41), the Herakleopolitan kings of the IXth-Xth Dynasties occupied the throne of Egypt.

Among the names 31-40 (of the nomarchs and of their wives) several are reminiscent of the Vlth Dynasty.3 Can Het-yah, the wife of nomarch no. 36 (whose name is unfortunately destroyed), be Het-yah the wife of Ankh-Pepi (or Pepiankh) the Middle (see Meir, i, p. 10)? According to our reckoning nomarch no. 36 began to rule about 2475 b.c., which practically makes him a contemporary of Pepi II, during whose reign the tomb-chapel of Pepiankh the Middle was excavated (see Meir, i, p. 6). The permissible addition of another forty to fifty years brings nomarch no. 36 well into the reign of Pepi II, i.e. 2515 to 2525 n.c., that monarch dying in 2476 b.c, (Breasted, Records, i, p. 41). If the name of nomarch no. 36 should be re¬ stored as Ankh-Pepi the Middle, then the name of no. 37, Hepi- ‘6 (Hepi the Great), must be a version of Hepi-kem (Hepi the Black), one of the “ good names ” of Ni-ankh-Pepi, the father of Ankh-Pepi the Middle (Meir, i, pp. 5, 9). The wife of this Ni-ankh-Pepi was called Pekher-nefert, of which name Pekhert may be an abbreviated form. If this surmise were correct we should have expected to find the names of Ankh-Pepi the Eldest and Seshsesht his wife between nos. 36 and 37 (see op. cit ,, pp. 9, 10), while Set-ent-Pepi, the wife of Ankh-Pepi the Youngest, the owner of tomb-chapel A, No. 2, should, according to existing contemporary monuments, be the wife of nomarch no. 35 (see op. cit., p. 10). Was nomarch no. 34 this Ankh-Pepi, Chassinat’s T ^ q 0 being a mistaken reading of Set-ent-Pepi ? The de¬ struction of the names of nomarchs 34-36 renders these questions unanswerable. It is most un¬ fortunate that there should be lacunae in the

E.g. Heni-iker {cf. Meiri i , p. 10), Hept-*6 (cf. qj>r tit., pp. 9, 10), Ankh-Pepi (cf. ibid.), Het-yah (eh idmj p. 10), Fekhert (cf, td,, p. 9),

THE TOMB CHAPEL OF UKH-HOTP SON OF UKILHOTP AND MERSL

21

list at the very place where the existence of contemporary monuments would liave enabled us to estimate its value as an historical record* But apart from the apparent inaccuracy of what would seem to be the VI th Dynasty portion of the list, further doubt is thrown upon the view that the names may be arranged in chronological order by the form of the name of nomarch no* 58, which savours rather of the Xllth than of the IVth Dynasty ; indeed none of the names 41-59 strike one as being especially characteristic of the IVth-Vtli Dynasties.

Exterior of Approach to Statue-Recess* (Pk XXUXVI, XXX, XXXII 1, 1, XXXVIII, 1) North Wall (8),

(Pk XII and XIII)

Upper Registers}

Of these registers nothing is left but a stand¬ ing figure of Ukh-hotp and the head and neck of a duck — showing: that the Nomareh was depicted as receiving offerings of which poultry formed one of the items. Above Ukh-hotp's head are the remains of three lines of titles and attributes : “ . . . True Kings Acquaintance, Ready of Tongue, .*.[.? .] in the Great Housed Priest of Hath or, - . * the Nomarch, Ukh-hotp's son, Ukh-hotp the Justified.”

Lower Registers}

At the west end Ukh-hotp, seated upon a chair, is being presented with live and slaughtered cattle, unguents, and poultry. There is a gaping wound in the throat of the butchered animal in the top row and the neck is bespattered wdth blood. Above the line of live cattle is written : u Giving the choicest !?r>-oxen as offering unto the Osiris, this Nomarch Ukh-hotp the Justified . , The last three animals in the row, which

1 The figure of Ukh-hotp is carved in stone and covered with a thin layer of painted stucco.

2 See p. % n. 3, and SetHE, Sage vom Sonnenaugrt p, II,

n. 2.

3 Stucco reliefs.

are clearly bulls, are separately labelled : “ Bulls of . , In the register below them are the remains of a table with vases of unguents laid upon it. Of the register depicting poultry i being offered, only scraps of the east end arc left, and these show us a man holding a crate in one hand and a live bird in the other. The inscription behind him reads 4 : “ Offer these water-fowl ! Behold the crate (?) 5 is full of good things (?) for the ka . ,

Above the head of the seated Ukh-hotp there are three horizontal lines of inscription : “ An offering which the king gives to Anubis, Piercer (?) of the Two Lands, Who is on his Hill, that he may grant a 4 coming forth unto the voice * on the Monthly and Half-monthly Festivals, on the five Epagomenal Days, at the Supper (of the Beginning of the Year),6 the I Vig- festival, and all goodly festivals [of] the Blessed Dead [upon] the Mountain/ for the ka of the Honoured One, the Nomarch Ukh-hotp, born of Mersi, the Justified ! ,r In front of lines i and 2 are the words: £\ , , Ukh-hotp, for his ka” and in front of line 3 :

. the Nomarch Ukh-hotp the Justified.”

East Face of Entrance (9, 10).

(Pk XV, I, XVI, 1, XXXIII, 1)

The decoration of the east face of the jambs of the entrance of the approach to the statue- recess consisted, it would seem, of reliefs depict¬ ing rows of servants carrying offerings.

North Jamb* (9),

The east face of this jamb is much injured, and only the bottom register is preserved. It is

‘ ^ C “ ~"“:k 11! "k S

5 £-~ j jj } cL J [ : j ? Davies, Ptakhetept ii, PL v, register L

See above, p* 13, footnote 6.

* Le. the cemetery oil the high-de&ert slope.

* Reliefs in stone and stucco combined.

22

THE ROCK TOMES OF MEIR,

occupied by two men, the one with an ibex, and the other carrying a hyena in his arms. They address their master in these words respectively : “ An ibex for [thy ka\ ! ” “A hyena1 * for [thy?] ka [.?.]*!" Above them are three horizontal lines of text reading : “ Bringing young ibexes ... by his servants of the estate (pr dt 3 ), for the ka of him who is honoured [by the Lord of] Busiris(?), the Baron, Nomarch, Ukh-hotp’s son, Ukh-hotp.”

South Jamb*

The two bottom registers, which for conve¬ nience sake we will label o and /3, are fairly well preserved. Above the head of the foremost man in a are the feet of a figure belonging to the destroyed register above. In a are three “ cup¬ bearers ” (wdpw-w)f the first of whom carries an earthenware (?) bottle containing some kind of drink, and the second a vase furnished with a neck and two spouts, in either of which latter a lotus-flower has been stuck.6 The third, whose offering is broken away, is called the “ cup¬ bearer of the Grotto-chapel {hrt) Henu-hak ( llnw - hik).” Above the cup-bearers in register /3, who are loaded with loaves of bread, a jar of water (?), a bundle of papyrus-stems, and a reticule of woven straw (?), are three lines of descriptive text : “ [Bringing] choice dainties, the best of the drink -stand {wdhw), the daily fare7 of everyday, the victuals appertaining to the feasts which usher in each season {hby't nt tp trw), by the

1 For the hyena as an article of food, see Murray, Saqqara Mastabas , i, p, 14 ; Davies, Deir elGebrdm, ii, PI. xvii ; L. D., ii, 1 1 {where the animal is described as

? “ a young (female) hyena ”) ; and Petrie,

Deshasheh, PL ix. See also Gaillard, Hevue d’Ethno- graphiet Nov.-Dee., 1912, p. 329 flf.

* Cf. j| . . . j| • • • P j[ xiii’ bottom register).

a See Gardiner, Bee, Tram.) xxxiii, p* 227, footnote 2,

4 Combined plaster and stone reliefs.

5 See Meir , ii, p. 34, under g.

* Cf. Griffith, Beni Hasan , iv, PL xxvi, 1 and 2.

1 Restore to H (10 j ^ ^ see Brugsuh,

p. 72.

cup-bearers of the estate8 [for the ka of] the Honoured Baron and Nomarch, Superintendent of the Priests of Hathor, Ukh-hotp the Justified.”

South Wall3 4 5 (11).

(Pis. XIV, XXX, XXXVIII, 1)

The upper part of the wall is broken away. What remains of the reliefs consists of the lower half of a large figure of Ukh-hotp accompanied by otiicials and relatives. Ukh-hotp, who is shod with sandals and wears a long outer robe of fine transparent linen (?), holds a staff 10 like that held by the Sem-priest Ankhi (?) on the south wall of tomb-chapel B, No. I,11 and by Senbi’s son Ukh-hotp on the west wall of tomb- chapel B, No. 2.18 Of the four surviving officials, nos. 1, 2, and 3 bear the titles “ uf 6- priest, Imy- hnt ,”13 while no. 4 (the hinder one in the bottom register) is the “ Superintendent of the Temple- land,14 Khnem-hotp.”

Four registers of relatives are preserved.

j Reijistw 1.

Of no. 1, a male, whose name is destroyed, only the feet and part of a leg remain. No. 2, parts of whose feet are preserved, is possibly Ukh-hotp’s son Amenemhet-ankh (?).15 The name of no. 3, a woman, is destroyed.

Register 2.

No. I is “his brother Ukh-hotp.” The name of no. 2, a woman, is destroyed.

3 See footnote 3.

* Combined stone and stucco reliefs.

10 The staff looks as if it was made out of, or was carved to imitate, a jointed reed or a long stalk of dura.

11 Meir, i, PI. x (register 2).

14 Meir, ii, PI. xv (register 3).

13 See Davies, Deir el-Gebrdtei, ii, p. 8 and PI. vii (register 4), and id.. Five Theban Tombs, p. 13 and PI. vi.

! 14 Cf. Meir, ii, PI. xv, p. 25.

10 Here abbreviated to Amenemhet. On the south wall 1 of the inner room the same person (?) appears ns Ameni . (see PI. XXVI).

THE TOMB-CHAPEL OF UKH-HOTP SON OF UKH-HOTP AND MEBSI.

23

Register 3.

No. 1 Is “ his brother Sebek-hotp,” and no. 2 “ [his brother ?] Heui the Middle.”

Register 4 (Pis. XXX, XXXVIII, 1).

The name of no. 1, a woman, is destroyed ; , that of no. 2 is “ his sister Mersi.”

Interior of Approach to Statue-Recess.1

(Pis. XV, 2, 3, 4, XVI-XVIII, XXXIII, XXXVI, 2)

North Side (13, 14, 15).2 (Pis. XV, 2, 4, XVII)

Judging from the surviving fragments, the reliefs on the interior north wall of the approach to the statue-recess, and the west face and thickness of the north jamb of its entrance, were all devoted to the subject of funerary ceremonies and formed one continuous series.3 The technique of these reliefs, which are arranged in three registers,4 is very fine, and they are painted in brilliant colours with great attention to details.

Register 1.

“ The Undertaker ( wt, ) Ukh-hotp’s son Ikri ” is apparently performing the purificatory rite of “ pouring water” («>£). 5 * This, however, according 1 to most representations, consisted in the washing of the altar-table and of a kneeling priest’s hands which are held over it (but see Meir, i, PI. x, Meir, ii, PI. x). Next to Ikri stands a thurifer (name not given), who is just about to drop into his flaming brazier a sweet-scented pastille.* Behind the thurifer are the first two of what

1 For particulars of the ceiling decoration, see above, p. 10 and fig. 1.

2 These reliefs are partly in stone, but mainly in stucco.

3 The scenes on this side of the “ approach ” amount to an illustrated version of the ordinary “ List of Offerings.”

4 Of the scenes on the west face and thickness of the

north jamb (14, 15) only register -Vs preserved.

* Sktbb, Pyramidentexte, § 16.

* Cf. Griffith, Beni Hasan, iv, PI. xvii.

must have been a party of seven (1) men,7 each with a vase of unguent. The accompanying — and much broken — inscription describes the scene as : “ [The offering of] libation (sic) (kbhw), incense, unguents . . . .” Immediately above this line of text are large-scale reproductions of the articles that are being used iu the ceremony depicted below. They are : l.a |-vase in a wooden rack, with water issuing from the mouth ; 2. a flaming incense-brazier on a pottery ring- stand ; 3. an alabaster (?) vase of perfume. 1. is labelled mw sit, “water for pouring”; 2. sntr, “incense”; 3. st-hb, “ seth-heb- unguent." The other six(?) vases of perfume and their labels are destroyed.

Register 2.

Here we have a representation of the offering of incense and libation,8 with the “ Undertaker Ukh-hotp’a son Ikri” acting as thurifer. He is depicted in the act of scattering several grains of frankincense into the cup of burning charcoal at the end of his s/it/iyLcenscr.9 The libationer who accompanies Ikri pours water from a large vessel (which he holds in both hands) into a small bowl placed upon the ground. Near by another functionary has just laid on a table three loaves of bread to which he will shortly add the two held out to him by his waiting companion,10 The remaining three (?) figures in this row are destroyed, except for a foot and hand of the foremost of them. What is left of the explana¬ tory text reads as follows : “ Bringing incense, libation {kbhw), bread, drink, every good and pure thing [whereon the god] lives . . . .” Between this inscription and register 1 are a series of objects connected with the scene below. They are: 1. a pan of burning incense placed upon a tall stand ; 2. a libation-vessel in a wooden rack,

1 I.e * one man for each of the seven unguents (st-lb, hknw7 nhnmj sfts twi t, hitt-% and that regularly

formed part of the burial outfit,

8 See A> 50, p. 69 S’. * See above, footnote 6,

1(> Cf. Griffith, Siut , PI. 7, H, 290-2; PI. 8, 11. 307-9.

24

THE BOCK TOMBS OF MEIR.

with water flowing from the spout ; 3. a table loaded with offerings of food ; 4. a basket con¬ taining two conical loaves of bread. Object no. I is labelled “ Fire for incense,” no. 2 “ Libation — drop by drop,” and no. 3 “Altar {hiwt) — present1 the f coming forth unto the voice ’ (pvt-r-hrw) ! ” The label attached to no. 4 is destroyed.

Register 3.

In this register a procession of men carrying bread and other offerings is headed by “ the Undertaker ( wt ) Ukh-hotp’s son Ikri the Justi¬ fied," who holds a pan or basket containing a large conical loaf.2 The explanatory inscription reads : “ Bringing dainties (stjrt)2, * * by his children, by his brethren, by his subjects (mr't), by [his] lectors, by the la^-priests,* by his servants (bik'w),” Above the inscription is a row of offerings — an illustrated catalogue, as it were, of the supplies that are being brought by the line of priests and tomb-servants in the scene below. These offerings are : 1. a reed-tray placed upon an earthenware ring-stand and containing a tall conical loaf and a pan or basket ; 2. an altar- table6 upon which arc a conical loaf of bread and a jar with a pointed cover or seal; 3. a reed-tray on a ring-stand containing a joint of meat ; 4. a large pan supported on a tall cylindrical stand ; 5. destroyed ; fi. only part, of an alabaster (?) ring-stand remains. No. 1 is labelled “A m<*-loaf and a porter’s basket,”6

1 Of. Sf.thE, Pyramidentexle, § 58, b. a _ n is imperative ;

see Erman, Gramm,*, § 383.

- There are altogether ten men, of whom six are on the north wall {FI. XVII) and the remaining four on the west face and thickness of the north jamb (FI. XV, 2, 4).

3 Here etjrt clearly cannot mean “joints of meat” (see

Erman, Glossar, p. 123).

* I.e. of the local temple (cf. Griffith, Sint, PI. 7, 1. 273).

6 A slab of alabaster laid upon a ring-stand,

e * 0 ^ 1 « /,’■/, “a *■ basket for carrying-on- the- head

(fH)” See Murray, Saqqara Mart abas, i, p. 37, no. 24, for a variant writing. For the word * = a t7-shaped “pan” or “basket,” see Brugsch, Wbrierb., p. 158, and

no. 2 “ A repast (§bw) (consisting of) a sns-loaf and a dwbc-ysk&a7 (of drink),” and no. 3 “A swt- joint.” No. 5, judging from the determinative ^ — all that remains of the adjacent label — was a pot of incense or natron.

South Side (16, 17, 18).

(Pis. XV, 3, XVI, 2)

The interior south wall of the approach to the statue-recess and the thickness8 of the south jamb of its entrance were once, as the surviving fragments show, decorated with a continuous series of painted plaster reliefs of exquisite technique. Of these, alas ! only scraps of the two bottom registers (a and /3) are left.

Register a.

In this register there are only the remains of the figures of four men advancing in the direc¬ tion of the statue-recess (PI. XVI, 2). Nothing survives of this register on the thickness of the south jamb.

Register /3.

This register is occupied by a much mutilated butchery scene. The figures on the thickness of the south" jamb are almost entirely destroyed, and nothing is discernible except two damaged hieroglyphs, part of the carcase of an ox, and a scrap of the outline of a butcher (FI. XV, 3). For the group at the east end of the south wall, cf. Meir, i, PI. x (centre of register 4). Above the stooping figure towards the west end of the register is written: “The lector comes to perform the service ( r ir't ih't) * for the Nomarch Ukh- hotp.”

Id., Supply p. 184. Evidently ^ is the basket so commonly carried on the heads of peasants ; see for example Davies, Piahhetept ii, Pis. xv, xvi.

T The mouth of the vase is closed with a conical clay (?) stopper (cf. Griffith, Beni Hunan, iv, PI. xxvi, 4, p. 8),

3 The west face of the jamb (17) is blank.

9 Le* to examine the meat and pronounce it ceremonially “pure.” C t , P a o kt-Pi ri E , Pi a h-het ep, P3 . x x x v i, r egiste r 3 .

THE TOMB-CHAPEL OP UKH-HOTP SON OP UKH-HOTP AND MERSI.

2'

West Wall.

(Pis. XVIII, XXXIII, I, XXXVI, 2)

The figures of Ukh-hotp and various members of his family and household, which are depicted upon the narrow strip of west wall on either side of the statue -recess, are arranged in four registers.

North of Statue- Recess (19).

(PL XVIII, 2)

Register l,1 *

This register is occupied by a large figure of Ukh-hotp holding a staff aud wrapped in a long blanket, very like those worn at night nr on a (told day by the modern fellahhi and the Arabs of the western desert. The blanket is striped somewhat similarly to the garment worn by the huntsman in Davies, Ptahhetep, i, PI. xviii, but instead of the stripes being of different colours, as in that case, they are all green. The green paint is stippled on ; it is applied very densely at the upper edge of the stripe, but then gradually fades away, leaving the lower edge plain white (cf. a similar blanket worn by Ukh-hotp, owner of 0. No. 1 , son of Ukh-hotp and Heni the Middle, shown on PI. XXXV, 2). In front of Ukh-hotp is written: “The Nomarch, Baron, Sem -Priest (sin), Master of every Kilt, Director of every Divine Office,3 Ukh-hotp the Justified."

Register 2.3

In register 2 are Ukh-hotp’s three sons, the | first and tallest of whom — and therefore the

|

eldest — is labelled “his son Senbi the Justified.”4 * *

1 Partly in stone and partly stucco,

1 Cf, Davies, De.ir fi-Gehrmm , j>. 3, no. 23,

:i Entirely stucco.

4 Perhaps this attribute denotes that Senbi was dead

when this effigy of him was made? That might account for the youngest son being called Senbi without any

qualifying distinction as in the case of the Fepi&nkhs {see

Meir, i, pp, 9, 10, and 13). On the other hand, Ukh-hotp, owner of this tomb- chapel* had two brothers called Ukh- j

hotp without any qualifying adjunct (see Pis. XIV, XXII ;

p. 30, footnote 7 ; and p. 35).

The second, who is shorter than Senbi, is “ his beloved son Amenemhet-Ankh,” while the third, who is shorter again — and therefore the youngest — is “ his son Senbi.”

Register 3/’

Each of the three figures is labelled “his brother,” but no personal names are attached to any of them.

Register 4.s

All three figures are styled “ his true favourite,” but the man in the centre is in addition also called “the steward Si-nui (S'<-wn) the Justi¬ fied.”

South of Statue-Recess (20).

(Pis. XVIII, 1, XXXVI, 2)

Register l.“

Ukh-hotp is muffled up in a garment shaped like that worn by him on the opposite side of the recess ; but, judging from the traces of a frilled edge at the top, it was possibly made of linen, not, as the other seems to have been, of wool. lie holds in his right hand a staff, and in his left a stick, to the apex of which three fox- skins 7 are appended. In front of him is written : “The Noniarch, Superintendent of the Priests, IJkh-hotp the Justified.”

Register 2. 8

The first of the three female figures is “ his wife, Ukh-hotp’s daughter, Thut-hotp,” the second “ his mother [Mersi],” 9 and the third “ his daughter [Mersi].”

Register 3. 8

The first of the three men is, as in the corre¬ sponding register opposite, “ his brother.” The

5 Entirely stucco.

* Combined stone and stucco relief.

7 This emblem is called a m$*t ; see above, p. 11, foot¬ note 6.

* Stucco only.

9 Cf. Pis. IV, XIII, XIX, and XXVII.

E

26

THE ROOK TOMBS OP MEIR.

labels of the two other figures are destroyed, but there is good reason for supposing that they are brothers also (see below, p, 30, footnote 7, and p. 35),

Register 4.1

Of the three retainers of Ukh-hotp here de¬ picted (see PI. XXXVI, 2) no. 1 is “his true favourite/' no. 2 “ the truly beloved of his master,” while in front of no. 4 to the words “ his favourite ” there has been added in paint — probably by the original of this portrait himself, in order that his name might be perpetuated eternally — “ the follower (Smsw), Ukh-hotp’s son Hetept (Htp-t).” 2

Statue- Recess.

(Pis. XIX, XXXIII, 1, 2)

As we have seen on p. 9, the statue-recess is situated in the centre of the west wall of the outer room ; we also noted at the same time that it was once closed by double doors, for the pivots of which there are sockets in the lintel and threshold (see PI. I, ground-plan, A, B).

Architrave .3 4 *

The top of the architrave is occupied by a winged disk below an elongated c=^-sign, which is studded with stars. Beneath the wings at either end we read : “ He of Edfu (bhdty), Lord of Heaven.” Below the winged disk, and filling the rest of the architrave, are the cartouches and attributes of Amenemhet II, thanks to which— the only instance of XHth Dynasty cartouches *

1 Stucco only.

2 For a large-scale reproduction of these added signs, see Metrf ii, PL xvii, figs, 75-79.

3 Winged disk, tkc., in stucco. The two lines of inscrip¬ tion are faintly indicated on the stone in very low relief covered thickly with stucco and painted,

4 The Vlth Dynasty cartouches appear only in com¬

pounds forming proper names, but they more or less fix

the date of the tomb- chapel in which they occur (see

Meir, i, pp> 5-11).

at Meir — we are enabled to date approximately the other Middle Kingdom tomb-chapels on this site. The inscription is in two lines, the signs in the northern half of which read from left to right, and in the southern half from right to left. I (northern half) : “ Live the Good God, Lord of the Two Lands, King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Nubkaure (Nwb-k’w-r'), beloved of Hath or ! ” 1 (southern half) : “ Live the Good God, Master of the Ceremonies (?) ( irt ih't), King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Nubkaure, beloved of Hathor ! ” 2 (northern half) : “ Live

the Good God, Lord of Joy, Son of Re, Amen¬ emhet, Given Life and Stability like Re ! ” 2 (southern half) : “ Live the Good God, the Hero Amenemhet, Given Life and

Stability like Re ! ’’

On the north and south sides of the disk and inscription is an elongated j -symbol.

North Jamb (19).6

The decoration 8 of the north jamb consists of the following inscription in two vertical lines : “ An offering which the king gives, which Isis (?) and Hathor Mistress of the Two Lands give, which the Ennead of Gods in Cusae gives — bread , [beer], flesh, fowl, libations, incense, and perfume, for the ka of the Honoured One, Baron, Nomarch, Chief Lector, Scribe of the God’s Book, Beloved of the God, Pleasing the God in the matter of what he desired (ie. by fulfilling his wishes), the Nomarch, Ukh-hotp’s son Ukh-hotp, the Possessor of Honour ! ”

South Jamb (20). 7

The decoration is of the same nature as that of the north jamb : “ An offering which the king .gives, which Osiris Lord of Busiris gives, which Anubis Who is on his Hill gives — a f coming

5 The north and south jambs project about a centi metre beyond the rest of the west wall. This difference* though not indicated in the ground-plan (PL I), is quite clear in the photographs on PL XXXIII,

e Stucco only. ‘ Decoration in stucco only.

THE TOMB- CHAPEL OF UKH-HOTP SON OF UKff-UOTP AND MEHSI.

27

forth unto the voice,’ with bread, beer, flesh, fowl, linen thread, wrappings, and everything good and pare, for the ha of the Honoured One, Baron, Nomarch, Favourite {imy-ib) of Homs Lord of the Two Lands, making smooth1 the way of him who established him, the Nomarch, Superinten¬ dent of the Priests, Ukh-hotp horn of Mersi, the Justified !”

Interior of Statue- Recess.

(PL XX)

All three walls of the statue -recess are painted to imitate what is commonly supposed to be the fagade of a house.2 The design was carefully drawn to the scale of 1 : 2 by my friend Major Fletcher. For a reproduction of this drawing and for particulars as to the colouring, see PI. XX. The ceiling is blue studded with yellow stars ; see above, p. 10, with fig. 1.

INNER ROOM.

(Pis. XXI-XXVII, XXXI, XXX1T, XXXVII, 3, XXXVIII, 2, XXXIX)

The reliefs that decorate the walls of the inner room are all executed in stueco, the false door in the west wall, however, being carved in the stone.3 *

Below the reliefs is a black dado edged with a border of red and yellow (see fig. 3). The ceiling is painted salmon-pink to imitate granite, but there are no dark-red and blue spots (cf. Griffith, Beni Hasan , iv, PI. 21) as in the case of the statue-recess in tomb-chapel B, No. 2* and the jambs and architrave of the doorway admitting to the inner room in tomb-chapel B, No. 3.®

1 Mdr = lit. ** to press.”

2 Cf. Griffith, Beni Hasan, iv, PI. xxi. What is repre¬ sented may possibly be the entrance to a funeral tent ; see Qdibbll, Tomb of Besy, Pis. viii, ix, p. 9, and Lane, Modern Egyptians (ed. 1835), p, 486.

3 For a description of the entrance, see above, pp. 9, 15.

* See Meir, ii, p. 22. 6 See Meir, i, p. 8.

North Wall (21).

(Pis. XXI, XXII)

The north wall is divided into five registers, and the scenes are entirely concerned with funerary rites.6

Register 1.

Most of register 1 is occupied by a list of offerings, but at the east end there are the remains of the figures of two priests, the hinder of whom is reading out of a roll of papyrus.7 The other figure is almost entirely destroyed, but the end of the cloth or brush that he holds, used

Fig. 3, Dado of Inner Room. Scale, 1 : 2.

in the ceremony of “ Removing the Foot¬ prints),”* can still be recognised. Between these two priests is written : "... by (?) ([!]« ?) the Chief Lector . . . Edmund* and . . There are two similar functionaries at the end of a list of offerings on the south wall of tomb-chapel B, No. 2.10

6 All the ceremonies and offerings depicted on this wall are for the benefit of the seated figure of Ukh-hotp on the west wall, north of the false door (see below, p. 34).

7 He is clearly in the same attitude as the “Lector Henu” in. the register below him*

8 See Meir, i, p. 27, footnote 4 ; Neirf ii, p. 21, foot¬ note 1 ; Daviea-Gardiner, Tomb of fatienemkety pp. 03, 04.

8 Cf* PL XXIII, 2, register L 111 jtfeir, ii, PI. viii, p* 17 ; see also below, p. 35.

E 2

23

THE BOCK TOMBS OF HEIR.

Registers 2 and 3.

At the west end of these two registers is a large table of variegated stone,1 loaded with food and labelled “ Table of Offerings ” ( dblyt-htp ), To the left of the table is a large ^-shaped vase for libation, and to the right (in register 3) an interesting array of sacred implements and vessels — a number of adzes3 and chisels,” a /<$s- kf ,4 a P-angle,5 a saw,u a finger-shaped object,7

1 Cf. a similar table and ring-stands on PI. XXV, and [ see below, p, 33, footnote 3.

2 Some coloured yellow, some white.

“ ntol-ndze of Wepwawet," is the generic term for any one of the ceremonial adzes used in the ceremony of u Opening

the Mouth.” The names of these adzes are j|| n — ^

msh? (?) (associated with the god Seth and said to lie nurde of bU; Sethe, Pyramidentexte, §§ 13, 14), ^ ^ ^ p- — ,

ntrty (Davies-Gardiner, Tomb of AmenemhH, PI, xvii, p. 59 ; Schiaparelli, Libra del Funerali, i, p. 103),

c-^3 ^T| dw'i-wr (Setiie, op, cit., § 1329, c ; Schia¬

parelli, op, ciL , p. 103).

3 Named mt/ift, made of &i>'(seep. 35) and

used for opening the deceased's eyes and mouth (Davies*

Gardiner, op, «!., ibid, ; Schiaparelli, op. eiL, p. 127 IT.).

The blades are dark red, the handles light red.

_ n i i _ „ , .

J Named 0 jl f ^ r~~) pstt-kf or ^ ^ CZID

□ p r^rn *jp kf-pss ; coloured white : an implement which

was used to £tmake fast the jaws which were severed” (t.c. the jaws of the decomposed and dismembered corpse of Osiris; Sethe, op. cit., § 30, a), and which at the same time enabled the jaws to move and the mouth to open (Id., op. cit., § 30, b) ; see also Naville, Todtenbueh, iTPl. 2 (where this object is laid upon a table) ; Id,, Cemeteries of Abydos, i, PI. iv, 6 ; Griffith, Beni Hasan, iv, PI. xxv, 4 ; Petrie, Amulets, p. 16 ; Schafer, A , Z ., 43, p. 63 ff.

5 Sec Petrie, Amulets, p, 16, PL iv ; see also p. 36.

6 See Lacau, Sarcophages Anterieurs au Nouvel Empire f PL xL

* Yellow with white bands ; perhaps named °l-E ^ j _

(see Sethe, op, cit, § 1330, «, where it is called the “ little finger of Homs,” in which connection cf. Schiaparelli,

op. cit, Pis. liii, Ixi). A finger made of fine gold / 1 f was

used like the mdtf t to open the mouth and eyes of the deceased (Davies-Gardiner, op. cit., p. 59 ; Schiaparelli, op. cit., pp. 128, 129 ; see also Naville, Cemeteries of Abyilos, i, PI. iv, 6).

six tooth -shaped objects,* a ^-amulet,8 various ewers, and a censer.10 Placed upon tables or in racks are a collection of vases, some of which contain the usual unguents, ami two bags of eye-cosmetic. The names of six of the seven varieties of unguents are still recognisable, viz. st-hb, hhtw , h[/wi»i], twi’t, hitt-thnic, lytt-i. Left of the vases is written : “ Presentation of unguents unto the Nomarch Ukh-hotp.” The two bags of eye-cosmetic are labelled, the one, “ A bag of green eye-cosmetic,” the other, “ A bag of antimony {m$dm't).”K The rest of the register is occupied by the carcase of an ox, a pile of joints of meat, and a party of butchers dismembering a slaughtered bullock ; this last group is roughly executed in paint only.

Above the table of offerings wc read : “An offering which the king gives, a thousand of bread, a thousand of beer, a thousand of flesh, a thousand of fowl, a thousand of linen thread, [a thousand of] wrappings, and everything [good and pure] for the Honoured Nomarch, Superintendent of the Priests, Ukh-hotp the Justified ! ” Immediately to the right of this inscription is a long line of priests engaged in funerary ceremonial. At the head of them is the hnty sli-ntrn (see next pair of figures), who kneels

8 These

apparently are the objects called

o | i

Q i

which were used, it would seem, to open the eyes and mouth of the dead (Daviks-Gardiner, op, dt., p. 59; Schiaparelli, op, eit,y p. 140 ff,)# Here they are coloured red, but in the tomb-chapel of Amenemhct they are white (see Davies-Gardiner. ibid,).

9 Coloured blue. The so-called “ step " amulet is derived from the outline of a sedan chair which in ancient times formed part of the equipment of a royal tomb (Schafer, A. Z.} 43, p. 66 ff. ; Petrie, Amulets, PL iv, 46).

™ The vases and censer would be required for the lustra¬ tions, libations, and fumigations which occupied so im¬ portant a place in Egyptian funerary ritual (see A, Z,f 50, p. 69 ff.).

11 The modern Egyptian kohl,

12 I.e. ** He who presides in the God's Booth.” Of this title, a regular appellation of Anubis, replacing the usual wt, " undertaker" (see PJ. XXIII, 2 ; Griffith, Siut, PL i ; Naville, Dci'r etBahari, iv, PL cx), I can find no instances

THE TOMB -CHAPEL OF UKH-HOTP SON OF UKH-HOTP AND ME ESI .

22

in front of a small table or altar over which he extends liis hands while a priest named Henu the Younger1 pours water upon them from a jj-vase, The ceremony of the washing of the priest's hands and the altar is usually labelled

s?t> fc Pouring (water)/7 2 When this

purification ceremony is ended, a libation and incense are offered for the resuscitation of the deceased/ The rite of libation is performed by two priests, of whom one, the hnty sk-ntr, kneels holding a Y7-vase in Ms outstretched hands, while the other, probably Henu the Younger, standing behind him, pours water into the vessel from a large ewer/ Behind this pair stands a priest who offers incense * in a small brazier placed upon a cylindrical pottery (?) stand, while close beside him 6 4 4 Ankhs son Henu ” recites the prescribed formulae from a papyrus scroll/

elsewhere (c£.f however, a somewhat similar title discussed below, [>. 32, footnote 2), But since the wt impersonated Ami bis (the mortuary priests sometimes even wore a jackal-mask ; Naville, Todtenbuch , i, Pis. II, 12), it is quite a natural title.

1 He occurs again apparently as figure no. 6 in this register. He is probably the grandson of Henu the Younger (or Little) and the son of Arikh, both of whom are depicted on the west wall of tomb -chapel B, No. 2 ( Meirt ii, PL x).

2 See Griffith, Sint, Pis. i, iii ; Murray* Saqqara Max- tabas , i, PL xxiii ; Newberry, j Bl-Bersheh, i, PL xxiv ; Naville, Deir elBahariy tv, FL ox ; in Davies, Ptahhetep, ii, FI. xxxi, the descriptive text is destroyed. Tt must be to a similar prefatory lustration that the priest refers in Hiiual of Amon , xxvi, 7—10 (Moret, Mituel du Culte Divin Journalier en Egypte, p. 1 70) ; cf. also throughout the whole ** Ritual n the ever- recurring statement u I am pure/'

B See i'. Z ., 50, p. 69 ff.

4 This action is labelled j\^ ^ j^j ^ ^ ? “Giving liba¬ tion."

q fl < — >

& In front of the priest is wntten ! , _

“Offering (lit. “doing") incense.”

K Cf. Newberry, El-Bershel^ i, PL xxxii.

v It is perhaps worth noting that at the present day in Upper Egypt and Lower Nubia recitations of the sacred writings on festival occasions are regularly accompanied by the burning of incense. Also a magician burns incense when, desiring to cast a spell upon someone, he reads aloud from his book of enchantments.

The group of kneeling lectors arc chanting the “Spiritualization/3 a ceremony always closely associated with both the feeding of the deceased and the offering of incense and libation/ Above

the kneeling lectors the words * . * PV1, >. are still legible, followed, after a long break,

b7 Z/ ^ f ifoW “ [Reciting (?>1 spiritual-

izations and spells 10 . . . for the Honoured One, the Nomarch, Ukh-hotp the Justified/' Behind them the lector Ilenu, represented as reading out of a book, is, as the accompanying text informs us, engaged in “ Bringing the Spirit unto his provisions (shw)” 11 Next to Henu stands the ** [Chief Lector] Khnumi,” 12 with his back to the rest of the figures in the register, and evidently therefore engaged in the ceremony of ^

£t Removing the Footprints/' 13

Register 4.

In the western half of this register is a row of kneeling figures, five of whom present baskets containing jars of wine of the five usual brands/4 while the sixth figure is broken away and his descriptive label too much damaged to decipher.

s I hope to deal at length with this arid the associated rites in a forthcoming Part of the Journal of Egyptian Archaeology.

3 See Newberry, Peru Has aw, i, FIs. xvii, xxxv, and In., El-Iiershehy i, PL xxxiv ; Davies, Ptahhetept ii, PL xxxi ; Jlfetr, i, Fl. x, and Meir, ii, PL x.

Dhout, ap. Dayies-Gardiner, Tomb of Amenemhetj p, 56 ; see also Setiie ap. Borchaedt, Grabdenhnal dt's Konigs Sahu-re , ii, p. 85*

^ ^ (nc) ; for the dittogr&phy of c£. |] ® (j

M in Murray, Saqqara Maxtabas, i, PL xxiii, register 1.

AAAAAA

12 Behind him are traces of the signs /wm- see above,

WWW

p. 27.

Cf. Newberry, Beni ffasan} i. Pis. xvii, xxxv; see above, p. 27, footnote 8.

14 See Sethe, Pyramidentexte, §§ 92-94; Murray, Saqqara MastabaSj p* 40.

so

THE ROCK TOMBS OF MEIR.

a crate full of water- fowl on his shoulder and a single bird in his left hand. In front of him is written ty sd, “ A catch® (of water-fowl).”

In front of no. 1 wc read : “ Wine of [the Delta], ; are labelled “ His brothel* Ukh-hotp, and no. to offered unto [the Nomarch Ukh]-hotp, Possessor ! “ His brother, Ukh-hotp’s son Ini."8 No. 1 1 holds of a ^a!”;1 in front of no. 2 "White wine (irp 7/$),* offered [unto the Nomarch] Ukh-hotp, ;

Possessor of a ka !” ; in front of no. 3 “ Wine of Eastern Buto, offered unto the Nomarch Ukh- 1 hotp, Possessor of a ka ! ” ; in front of no. 4 " Wine of Mareotis, offered unto the Nomarch Ukh-hotp the Justified!’’; and in front of no. 5 “Wine of Syeue, offered unto the Nomarch Ukh-hotp ! ”

In the eastern half of the register are the joints and carcases of different beasts, one of the latter of which is labelled : “ An oryx, offered unto the Nomarch, Superintendent of the Priests, Ukh- hotp the Justified ! ” Above the last carcase in the row is written : “ A young gazelle offered unto . . .

Register 5.

In register 5 there wore once the figures of eleven men with offerings, but two have been entirely destroyed. Each of the first five, who are lectors, carries a fore-leg of beef. In front of no. 1 is written : “ Utterance by the lectors : ‘ 0 Osiris, Noraarch Ukh-hotp, take unto thee

(or held) a water-fowl. Above no. (i (figure and name destroyed)5 we read : “ 0 Osiris, Nomarch

no

figure and name are destroyed, but nos. 8 and 9

East Wall : North of Entrance (22).

(Pis. XXIII, 1, XXIV, 1, XXXI, XXXVII, 3)

Upon the narrow strip of east wall on the north side of the entrance are five registers of scenes which are entirely concerned with the feeding of the deceased Nomarch,

Register l.

What is left of this register displays a row of men carrying one (or perhaps two) large reed- trays10 loaded with joints of meat, poultry, and vegetables. The birds, it will be noticed, have been plucked and the entrails removed through a ventral incision.

Register 2 (see Pis. XXXI, XXXVII, 3).

To the left a cook squats on the floor beside a large pan or brazier full of glowing charcoal over the discharge (?)3 of the Eye of Ilorus, (namely) wbich he is roasting a duck (srtc) 11 transfixed on

the fore-leg!’”4 Nos. 6-10 all apparently hold | -

7 Judging from Pis. XIV, XVIII, 2, the Nomarch Ukh- hotp had certainly three brothers (six, if PI. XVIII, 1,

. register 3, is not a mere duplication). No. 9 may be the Ukh-hotp, take unto thee the heads ♦.*, No. 7 S brother Ukh-hotp who appears on PI. XIV, and who is

possibly the husband of Ileni the Middle and the father of the owner of tomb-chapel C, No. I {see pedigree, Meir, i, p, 13). Perhaps under the name Ukh-hotp in front of

no. 8 there was originally followed by another proper

name, as in the case of no 10. On the other hand, Ukh- hotp may quite well have had two brothers of the same name as himself, as had Fepiankh the owner of tomb-chapel D, No. 2 (Meir, i, p. 9 ; cf. opr dL , p. 10, footnote 1, p. 11, footnote 1). If he had six brothers, then nos. 6, 7 and 11 would bo the three other brothers, two of them being Sebck-hotp and Heni the Middle who appear on Ph XIV.

* For this name of. Meir, ii, PI. xv, p. 24.

1 See Meirt ii, p. 22, footnote 2

2 Buugsch, Worterb., p. 178.

3 Connected perhaps w ith ® Bkugsch, Worterb.,

p. 1070 ? If so, ef. for the same idea ^ ^ .

-C2>’ Moret, Hit ad du Culte Divin Journalier en

Itgfple, p. 170.

* Reading : [j

■$■=] © ® 1 IWUVtA

and 113 c).

5 A foot of the offered water-fowl is alone preserved.

* Cf. Sethe, op. cit. , § 84, t\

(cf. Sethe, Pyramided ex to, ■

Cq □

79, c, i

* Cf.

! 1 \

, " A catch (of fish),’1 Metr, i , PI. iii,

register 3.

70 Coloured green.

11 See Ghiffith, Hieroglyph^ p. 23, col. L

THE TOMB-CriAPEL OF UKH-HOTP SON OF UKH-HOTP AND ME ESI,

a spit. He holds his free hand in front of his face to protect it from the glare of the fire. The accompanying inscription makes him ejaculate : u I have been over the blaze1 since the world began (dr piw't) ! I have never seen such a duck as this ! **

On the right two scullions are roasting a small ox (?) upon a revolving spit over a brazier similar to, but larger than, the one already mentioned. Either end of this brazier terminates in a forked upright or crutch upon which the spit revolves. The accompanying inscriptions are unhappily much damaged. The man on the left remarks2 3: ‘ * Turn the spit(?) that you may cause it (the meat?) to be done for the ka of Ukh-hotp ! ”

Register 3.

This register is devoted to another kitchen scene. An assistant cook seated upon the ground is plucking (?) a water- fowl ; upon a table in front of him is another similar bird trussed and ready for cooking. The accompanying inscrip¬ tion makes him address a fellow-servant thus : “ Furnish s (the feast) for the ka of the Nomarch Ukh-hotp ! I am giving you a bird (>pd) to cook!”

On the other side of the table is another cook who holds in one hand a fan4 * and in the other a

■ th» ^ ° k fj- “ oi“"‘ ”

der Kohlen, Brugsch, Worterb^ SuppL, p. 578,

2 Rcading:fHP — — fw

For nwnh, “turn,” see Brugsch, Worierb. , p, 704. For the unusual sign see Meir} ii, PL xviif 54, p. 35, For hpr —

“done,” “fully cooked,’1 see Davies, Deir el-Gebram, i, PL ix,

3 For this meaning of hws, see Gardener, A. Z ., 45, p. 129, Here also, as in instances cited hy Gardiner, the

medial w is omitted. The determ. h _ q is doubtless a

mistake for J .

A The fan seems to be of much the same shape as the one included among the funerary furniture of Senbi in Meir, i, PL iii, register 1 ; cf. Griffith, Beni Uamnr iv,

PL xviii, 1 .

o 1

spit on which a duck is transfixed. He is appa¬ rently farming the duck, like the cook in Davies, S/ieikh Said, PI. x ; but why he is doing so is not clear, for the bird rests, so it would seem, upon a ! low stand or table and is not being held over a brazier as in the Sheikh Said scene. The man as lie waves the fan replies to the already quoted words of his companion : “ I am doing your pleasure, my good sir ! ” The rJn*ft who on a round of inspection has dipped his fingers in some food and is now sniffing them, remarks : “It is sweet6 for the ka of [Ukh-hotp (?)] \” The 1 leads of all these kitchen -employes have been shaved, and where the hair once was the skin is of an orange colour, the skin of the face and other exposed parts of the body being the usual red ; in two instances the short sprouting bristles are indicated by ! dark-red spots,6

Register 4.

Three men carrying large joints of meat suspended from yokes.

Register 5.

\

Here three men are depicted carrying large jars7 and vegetables in network reticules sus¬ pended from wooden yokes. The netting, which : is solid black in the reproduction, is yellow in the original. Above the heads of the men is written : “The children of the Ruler (Igk) have gone forth carrying (Ar) natron (hsmnw)” The determina¬ tives of the word hsmnw preceding m (the determ, of quantity or plurality) are a loaf of bread (white), a Q-vase (white), and o (green). Perhaps therefore the meaning of hsmnw in this case is not merely ^ natron ” but articles of food and drink purified by being ceremonially washed in,

| s In colouring the sign | the artist let fail from his

! brush on to the background two drops of green paint, as indicated in the black-and-white reproduction,

j « Cf. PL XXXII, and Heir, ii, PL xviii, 16.

7 The mouths of the jars are closed with day stoppers (coloured black).

82

THE ROCK TO MRS OF ME lit.

or sprinkled with, water in which natron had been dissolved ?‘

East Wall : South of Entrance (23).

(Pis. XXIII, 2, XXIV, 2)

The scenes on the cast wall south of the entrance are arranged in six registers. As on the north side, the space available is very narrow. Registers 1-4 are concerned with the funerary ritual, registers 5-7 with the feeding of the dead Nomarch.

Register 1.

At the south end of the register a priest, labelled ^ jjj,s pours water on to the hands of

the “Undertaker’’ ( «••;),1 * 3 who, kneeling as in PI. XXI, register 2, holds them over a low table or altar.4 * The rite of “ Giving the Libation ” is performed by a hm-fo, who pours water from a

|-vase into a ^7 -shaped vessel held by the kneel¬ ing “Undertaker Ikri,” while behind him a priest offers incense in a brazier similar to the one depicted in PI. XXI, register 2. At the north end of the register stands the “ [Chief Lector (?)] Khnumi ” 6 holding a staff and, once doubtless, a book7 from which he is supposed to be reading the prescribed formulae.8 *

1 Cf. ^ ^ in Skthe, Pyramdenlexte, § 23, b,

which seems to mean water for libation in which two balls of natron have been dissolved,

3 Perhaps this is a Tm&e-form of sh --ntr, “ the God's Booth,” i.e. " a person attached to the God's Booth,” This functionary would be the subordinate of the wt, who, identi¬ fied with Anubis, is entitled font# sfr-ra/r, (< He who Presides tn the God's Booth ” {see above, p. 38),

3 Doubtless the same person as the in the next group.

* As elsewhere, this ceremony is labelled s?t, “ Pouring (water).”

6 This person also appears in PI* XVII, registers 1 and 3,

* See PI, XXII, registers I, 2, and p, 27,

7 Cf, the figure of Henu’s son Ukb-hofcp in register 3,

6 Such as Skthe, Pyramid entexte> §§ 37-24, and A . Z., 47,

p. 126 (Outer Coffin of Neter-nekhty, feet-end, interioz*).

Register 2*

This register is occupied by four kneeling lectors performing, as in PI, XXI t, the l( Spiritual- j ization " ceremony. The second lector on the

■ right is the “ Lector Ikri.” 0 In a horizontal line above them and in a vertical line behind them

' we read : u Reciting spiritualizations by numerous ! lectors for his km ! ,5

Register 3.

In this register are four funerary functionaries. In front of no. 1, who holds a staff, is written : “ Reading the writing by the Chief Lector, Scribe ' of the Books, Henu’s son Ukh-hotp.” No. 2, who, as we know from his panther-skin vestment, is a | Sem-priest, holds the cloth for “ removing the foot¬ prints.”10 Nos. 3 and 4, as their labels tell us, are 1 an imy-hnt 11 and “God’s Treasurer ”ia respectively.

Register 4.

Three men, followed by an official, bring gifts of water-fowl. The first, as he holds out for his master’s acceptance a live bird, exclaims: “Take it, for thyself!” The fellow beliiud him, who carries a yoke on his shoulders from which two cages of water-fowl are suspended, also holds out a bird, and says to no. 1, who is evidently the spokesman of the party : “ Present this s/-duck ! ” No. 3, who carries two crates like no. 2, is in a hurry. “You who’ve lost your way (run)” he shouts, “ pass along ! See, ages have gone by ! ”13 In front of the official is written : “ The Steward | Naremu.”

I Register 5.

Four attendants, with very curly hair or wigs, are about to lay a repast before the Nomareh.

, * Perhaps identical with the Undertaker Ikri in the

■ register above?

10 See above, p. 27,

i 11 Cf, PL XIV, and see p. 22 with footnote 13,

13 Cf. Newberry, Beni I/naan, i, PI, xxxv, register 2 (beneath table of offerings in front of wife).

13 Lit. “ Times have come into existence ltr Of. the mod. Arabic ^ “It's getting late.”

THE TOMB-CHAPEL OF UKH-HOTP SON OF UKH-HOTP AND ME ESI.

33

No. 1, a km-k >% carries a basin and ewer in order to wash bis master’s hands before he starts eatin<r ; no, 2, also a hm-fay carries the drinks ; while nos. 3 and 4, who are each labelled “ a/6-priest of the Grotto-chapel,” carry low tables1 upon which are loaves of bread and other food,

Register 6*

A butchery scene much injured.

South Wall (24),

(Pis. XXV, XXVI, XXXII, XXXVIII, 2, XXXIX)

Registers 1 and 2.

Most of register I is occupied by a broken list of offerings which, like that on the south wall of tomb-chapel B, No, 2, 2 terminates at the east end in a religious text, too much injured, alas ! to be intelligible. At the west end of the register is a variegated stone3 table4 upon which have been laid slices of bread.5 while near by are jars of drink fixed in stone ring-stands (PI. XXXIX, 2), and various articles of food and other objects6

1 Corresponding to the modem yu, which is brought in

and set before the guests with the bread, and often the first course as well, laid upon it.

3 See Meir, ii, PI. vLii,

3 The stone table is coloured blue with white spots ; in the centre of each white spot is a red dot. The stone ring- stands arc coloured the same as the table, or else are plain blue or plain white (see PL xxxii).

4 The table is supposed to stand In front of the large seated figure of Ukh-hotp on the west wall, south of the false door (reproduced on PI. XXVTI) • Ukh-hotp’s hand is

extended as though he were about to partake of the food, i

b See Griffith, Hieroglyphs, p. 54. In this example . the broad bands are yellow (the crust) and the narrow bands white (the crumb) — an attempt to show the slices of bread in perspective. In the example on the west wall, i south of the false door (PL XXVII), the top of the crust ! (where it had risen beyond the mould and had been ex¬ posed to greater beat) is stippled with dark red, A good coloured example of similar slices of bread laid upon a table (from tomb-chapel C, No. 1) will, it is hoped, be reproduced in Meity iv. For a good example of the conical loaves from which these slices of bread were cut, being baked in moulds,

see Davies, Deir el-Gebrdwiy i, PL xx,

8 Such as ewers, a censer, bags of eye-cosmetic, and

vases of unguents.

placed upon mats and tables or set in light wooden racks (PI. XXXIX, 1 ). Most of register 2 was occupied by a row of priests and members of Ukh-hotp s family bringing fore -legs of beef and poultry. Portions of the lector who heads the procession j and his offering, are still preserved (PL XXXIX, 2), In front of him is written: “ The Lector, Bringing dainties for the ka of Ukh-hotp/1 One of the men with a water-fowl is said to be CE his son Ameni," while in front of the face of the preceding figure there are traces of the name Senbi,7

Register 3.

A line of various funerary functionaries and servants are bringing the supplies for a banquet8 * (PI, XXXII). In front of the first man, who is labelled wdptr* "Cup-bearer,” is written : 4 "Bring¬ ing a repast (&/U)10 by the Cup-bearers of the Estate (?).”u Figures nos, 1 and 2 are also ** Cup¬ bearers," while no. 4 (see Pis. XXXII, XXXVIII, 2) is a hm-k P2 and, like the same functionary in PL XXIV, 2, carries a ewer and basin ; no. 5 is an imy-hnL Of the remaining figures which are preserved, two are u Cup-bearers ” and the rest Sf Superintendents of the Kitchen/'13

7 The foot of the J and part of the |1 are still legible.

Unfortunately these scraps of signs have been omitted in the black-and-white reproduction. See Pis. V, 1, XVIII, 2, for other representations of a son of this name,

8 As in. register 5, on east wall, south of entrance (PI. XXIV, 2).

9 See Mtirt ii, p. 34, footnote L

10 For i$'f = “ meal,” “ repast,” see Sethe, Pyramided texte> §§ 101, a, 121, c, 124, a, and Grapow, A . Z.t 47, p. 106,

Of the last signs 0 is certain, □ is coloured green (a mistake for 1 ?}. Though not shown in the black-and-white reproduction, there are traces of the top of . According to my note book there are also traces of the head and neck of below the first «ama * see also p, 35.

n His head is shaven, as is so often the case with officials connected with the food supplies; see above, p, 31, foot- note 6.

13 For this rendering of imy-ri h't, see Gardiner, A. X., 47, p. 95,

F

34

THE ROCK TOMBS OF MEIR.

Register 4.

This register is entirely concerned with the butchering of cattle and the cutting up of their carcases. In front of the first figure at the west end, who carries a tray of joints, is written : “ Conveying dainties by the Cup-bearers, bringing (offerings) for the ka of Ukh-hotp the Justified.”

West Wall: North of False Door (27). (PI. XXVII)

Here, close to the so-called false door, the entrance to the spirit- wo rid, Ukh-liotp is depicted seated on a chair,1 in front of a goodly array of viands,2 in the company of his father and mother who are similarly supplied. It is towards this figure of Ukh-hotp, of course, that the attention of the offerers and priests on the north wall is directed. Above Ukh-hotp is a much-injured list of titles and attributes in three lines. Above his parents we read : “ The Honoured One, his Father, Son of a Nomarch, Superintendent of Land,8 [Ukh]-hotp,” and “His Mother, the Daughter of a Nomarcli, [Mersi] the Justified."

False Door (26).

(PI. XXVII)

The ribs of the palm-brauch cornice are indicated in paint as in the case of the cornice above the statue-recess in tomb-chapel 13, No. 2.'1 The frame and lower half of the false door are coloured sal mon-pin k,s in imitation of red granite.

I The chair stands upon a chequered mat or carpet*

a See above* p* 27, footnote 6,

II ^ 1 S6e kVamw.3, § ^6. The fact

that the father of our Ukh-hotp is not here entitled “ nomarch makes somewhat doubtful the suggestion put forward in Meh\ i, pp* 11, 12, that he is Iain1 * ** son Ukh- hotp, the owner of tomb -chapel A, No* 2*

4 See iHe/V, iif PL ix, p, 22.

* Except the torus which is yellow, with tracer of the

pattern of binding upon it in black paint.

! The figures on the panels in the upper half of the door were in low relief, the background being 1 left white. The surviving inscriptions, which are in yellow incised hieroglyphs, consist of the usual mortuary prayers or proclaim that the deceased is “ honoured ” by this or that divinity. On the north side we read : “ [Grace granted by the king' and Aoubis Who is on his Hill, He who is in the Oasis (us!)], Lord of the Necropolis — a goodly funeral in the Western Desert upon the goodly road of the Necropolis [whereon] the ! Honoured Ones journey [for the ka of the Honoured Nomarch], Ukh-hotp s son, Ukh-hotp ' the Justified ! ” On the south side is written :

I “ [An offering which the king gives and Osiris Lord of] Busirts, Great God, Lord of Abydos — may he grant a * coming forth unto the voice ’ with bread, beer, flesh, fowl, linen thread, wrap- plugs, [and every good and pure thing] whereon

the god [lives], for the ka of . . . .

[Ukh]-hotp’s son Ukh-hotp ! ” The northern line of inscription on the lower half of the door

j reads : “ Honoured by Ptah-Sokaris . .

I [Ukh]-botp the Justified, Possessor of Honour.”

West Wall : South of False Door (2a). (PI. XXVII)

I

We have here a large figure of Ukh-hotp seated ou a chair and stretching out his hand towards the food depicted at the west end of the south wall.8 The titles and attributes above his head are too much broken to decipher. In front of him stands “ Nuni’s son Klmem-hotp," who presents him with two water-fowl. Below Ukh- hotp is a portrait of his wife seated in front of a table upon which slices of bread7 have been laid. Upon the floor are a heap of provisions placed j upon a mat and jars of drink fixed into ring- ; stands. Above the lady’s head is written : “ The Mistress of the House, Thut-hotp the Justified.”

e See above, p. 33, footnote 4* 1 See p. 33, footnote 5.

THE TOMB-CHAPEL OF UKH-HOTP SON OF UKH-HOTP AND MEESt.

35

REVISED PEDIGREE OF UKH-HOTP SON OF

UKH-HOTP AND MERSL1

Ukh-hotp = .

Senbi = Per-heniut-meres ! ?

Ukh-hotp = Thut-hotp Jam 2—

I i * i

Senbi Mot'S! - Ukh-hotp

I i I 1 j I iit

Ukh-hotp = Thut-hotp Ukh-hotp Ukh-hotp Ini Sebek-hotp Heni the Middle Son Mem (Owner of B, No. 4. (name not

Floruit temp. given)

Amenemhet II)

Auienemhet-ankh Senbi

Senbi Mersi

1 CL Meir, ij p. 13. The names of nomarchs, or possible nomarchs, are in capital letters. For parti etilars as to Ukh-hotp’s parents, brothers, sister, wife, and children, see pp. 3, 4, 13, 22, 23, 25, and p. 30, footnote 7*

2 See p. 34, footnote 3,

2 See pedigree in Afeir, i, p. 1 3,

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

Page 14, footnote 6. With the proposed reading ^ ^ | "* ^ (Nkvbkrry, Beni

Hasan, 1. pp. 17, 49).

„ 19. The lists of Pharaohs at Karnak and Abydos, judging from the accompanying representations and inscriptions

(Lepsius, Atmmkl, PL i j Mariette, Abt/dox, i, PL 43, ii, P3. IS), seem to have served the same purpose as the list of Cusite nomarchs, Le* they were the means not only of perpetuating the names of the royal dead, but of keeping their spirits continually supplied with provisions,

„ 22, footnote 13. For the meaning of the title hny-knt, see Sethk, ap. Borchardt, Qrabdenhtiaf des Konig# Sahn-re,

ii, p. 96.

,3 27, col. 2. The two priests in question, judging from their attitude and from the fact that the line of inscription

above the list of offerings (Meir, ii, Pis. vi, vii) closely resembles the text in Schiaparelli, Libra dei Funerali, ii, pp. 164-166, and 291, xi, are evidently engaged in the ceremony of “Purifying the Divine Offerings”* the foremost priest in Meir, ii, lor . ciLt it should be noted, holds an incense brazier. For other versions of the inscription, see Lacau, Sareophages Anterieurs au Nouvel Em]riref i, pp, 147, 206, 231, ii, pp. 35, 70; Marietta, Abydos, i, Pis. 22, 44.

86

THE ROCK TOMBS OF MElK,

Page 28, footnote 2. Among the adzes may, 00 the strength of Schiaparelli , Libro dei Funerali, Pi. lviii, be included H \u ^ ' Wr This, however, is more usually figured as a wavy wand often terminating in a

ram’s head (see Virey, Tombeau de Mekkmara , PL xxxii; Schiaparelli, op . cit> i, pp, 111, 118; Dumichen, Paduamenap, ii, Pi, ii). There is also another adze called '

dwn-1 (Dumicben, op. cit.,

. - - -Lf

PI. viii; Schiaparelli, op * cit., p. 108), and apparently yet another named -jj- \\ p — , hny (Schiaparelli, op, dt^ p. 100),

28, footnote 5. There should be two [p-angles (Jfedr, ii, PI. vi ; Dumichen, Paditamenap , i, PI. vi), the one being made of hi> of the God of the South, the other of bi; of the God of the North (Setiie, Pyramideniexley § 30, h). For ordinary metal, Le. copper, see Sethe, Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, i, p. 234. Judging from Maspero, fable d'Offrandes , p, 13, to the Egyptians of the late period like bl>-n-pt, would seem to have meant “iron/1 or perhaps rather “haematite”? According to Meir , ii, loc , cit., [p1 is to be read sbl ^ J ^ P) = “door”<f).

29, footnote 4, Perhaps | is not the determinative of but reads § (or mr ), and is the label of the large

ewer from which the water is being poured. For this idea see Maspero, Table d’Offrandes, p. 5, who refers to De Morgan, Dahshour , i, figs. 164, 165; ef. also Setae, Pyramideniexie, § 1979, a ,

„ footnote 11. With the descriptive text, r~\\ 1 j

of

J J ^ J A

a* □

\

m % Ji Jr t

1 1 1

Kill

, “ Bringing the spirit unto his food," , 11 Chapter of bringing the spirit, causing

him to regale himself with his food” (Yirey, Tombeau de Rekkmara , p. 127); cf. also Junker, Gbtterdekret iiber das Abaton , pp. 19, 20, 64, G5 ; Marietta, Abydos, i, Pis. 37, 40a, 43, Mfr.

33, col. 1, 1. 2, For hand-washing before meals, see Griffith, Catalogue of Demotic Papyri in Hylands Library, iii, p. 82 ; Pap, D'Orbuiey, iv, 11, 8-9, xii, 11. 8-9 ; Ylrey, Tombeau de Rekkmara , p. 127 ; Setiie, Pyramidentexte , § 788, c, ff.

„ footnote 2. With the text at the end of the list of offerings on the wall of tomb -chapel B, No. 2 (Meir, ii, PL viii) cf. V iREYj op . cit,, p. 118.

„ footnote 11, For pr-n-dt instead of the more usual pr-dt , see ^ ^ ^ (Virey, op, cit.,

jwvws /WVM\

PL xxi) and

0 I

CD 1

ii, PI. 24).

INDEXES.

I.— LIST OF AUTHORITIES QUOTED.

Aegyptisehe Inschriften aus den Koniglichen Mnseen zu Berlin . 19.

A. Z. { Zeitschrifi fur Agyptische Sprache), 47. 17, 32,

„ „ „ „ 50. 23, 28, 29.

Aelian, Be Natura Animalium (ed. 11: HiiRCnEU1)^ 15.

Blackman, Temple of Derr. 1 1 .

3T Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, ii. 11. Bokchaeut, Grahdenhnal des Konigs Sahu-re , ii, 11, 14. Breasted, Records t i. 11, 20,

„ History of Egypt . 20.

Buugsch, Wort er buck. 22, 24, 30, 31.

Chassinat, Recueil de Travausct xxii 16, 19,

Davies, Deir eLGebrdwi, i 1, 16, 25, 31, 33.

ii 2 15 22

,, ,, „ H. -i , LUf -J.

„ Five Theban Tombs . 22,

„ Ptahketep, ii. 13, 21, 24, 29.

,, Sheikh Said. 14.

Davies and Gar diner, Tomb of Amenemhet , 27, 28, 29.

De Mgrcan, Dahshour, i. 36.

DifriiCHEN, Kalender inschriften. J3,

„ Paduaw e n np. 36.

Egyptian Stelae^ ii. 11, 16, 36.

EluOT-Smitii, Ancient Egyptians. 15.

Ebman, Aegypten. 10.

„ Aegyptische Grammatik {Drit.te Auflage). 12, 19, 24, 34.

„ Glossar. 24,

„ Hymnen an das Diadem der Pharamien. 10,

„ Zur dgyptischen Wortforschung , ii, iii (Stizungsberickte der KonigL Preuss. Akademie der Wmcnschaften , 1912, xxxix), 17,

Gaiilard, Revue d' Ethnographic, Nov, -Dec., 1912. 22.

Gardiner, A, H. 16.

1 Wrongly spoil Hebbcher in Melt, i, p. 37.

Gardiner, A. H., Recueil de Tnwaux, xxxiii 22.

„ „ A. Z 45. 31.

» » » *7. 33.

Grafow, A. Z.% 47. 33,

| Griffith, Beni Hasan, iv. 22, 23, 24, 27, 28, 31.

„ Catalogue of Demotic Papyri in Rylands Library, iii, 36.

„ Hieroglyphs. 30, 33.

,, Kahun Papyri. 14.

„ SinL 23, 24, 28, 29.

Journal of Egyptian Archaeology , ii. 13.

’ Junker, Gotterdekret iiber das Abaton , 36.

t

Lacau, Sarcophagus Anter tears an Nouvcl Empire. 28, 35, Lane, Modern Egyptians {cd. 1895), 27.

Lefsius, Auswahl. 35.

L., D. (Lepsius, Denlcmdler ), ii. 14, 15, 19, 22,

Lieblein, Namen-Worterhuch. 17, 18, 19.

i MaSPero, Table dyOffraudes. 36.

Maiuette, Abydos , i, ii 35, 36.

Meir, i. 1, 9, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, and passim,

„ ii. 1, 2, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 18, and passim.

„ iv, 33.

Moket, Bit ucl du Culte Divin Journalier en Egypte. 29, 30. Muller, X if., for year 1888. 11, 13.

I Murray, Miss M. A,, Saqqara Mastabas, i. 14, 22, 24, 29.

I

| Naville, Deir eLBahari, iii 15. u Todtenbuch , i. 24, 28.

„ Cemeteries of Abydos , i. 28,

Newberry, Beni Hasan , 1 2, 8, 12, 13, 14, 29, 32, 35.

„ El-Bersheh) L 11, 14, 29.

„ Bekhmara. 14.

\ Faget-Psrie, Ptah-hetep. 24.

, Papyrus D'Orbiney r 36.

Petrie, Dcshasheh. 22,

40

THE BOCK TOMBS OF MEIB*

Petrie, Amulets. 28,

Q 01 bell, Tomb of Hesy. 27,

Schafer, A. Z., 43, 28*

Schiaparelli, Libra dei Funeral i. 28, 35, 30*

Sbthe, A. Z.j 49* 20,

„ ap Borciiakdt, Grabdenkmal den Konigs Sahu-ret 29, 35.

Sbthe, Journal of Egyptian Archaeology , i* 36,

„ Pyramidentexte * 23, 24, 28, 20, 30, 32, 33, 36*

„ Sage vom Sonnenauge. 21*

„ Urkunderij iv* 16*

Spiboklbkrg, A, Z.j 34* 16,

V i key, Tovibeau de Rekhmara { = Mission, v, 1), 36.

Wiedemann, Sphinx, xviii. 13*

II.— GENERAL INDEX.

Aamu, 1 1, 13*

Aamu slaves, 13*

Adzes (ceremonial), 28, 36.

Altar table, 24*

„ „ washing of, 23, 20.

Amenemhet II, 9, 10, 15, 26,

Angle ((f), *28, 36.

Approach to statue- recess, 9, 10* 21-27. Arabs (of the western desert), 25.

Armenoid influx, 15*

Bee-eater, 14*

Beja (herdsmen), 12, 13,

Blanket (worn by nomarch), striped, 25, Boat-builders, 13*

Boomerang, 12,

Brazier (for incense), 23, 29, 35.

„ (for cooking), 30, 31.

Bread, slices of, 33, 34*

Bull, fighting, 11.

Bulls, 13, 21*

„ of the Aamu, 13*

Butchers, 24, 28*

Butchery, 33, 34.

Bureau (of scribe), 12*

Calves (tethered), 13*

Cartouches of Amenemhet II, 9, 10, 15, 26* „ of YIth Dynasty, 26.

Cattle, Nomarch’s, 11, 13*

Ceiling decoration, 10, 27.

Censer, 23, 28* 33.

Chef 31*

Chisels (ceremonial), 28*

Clap-net (of fowlers), 15.

Cook, 30, 31.

Court artists, 10.

Court influence, 16.

Crocodile, 15*

Cusite craftsmen, TO.

Diadems (Pharaonic), cult of, 10*

Drag-net, 15*

] Dynasty, IVth, 20, 21*

„ Vth, 21*

„ YIth, 20, 21, 26.

„ IXth-Xth, 20*

„ Xlth, 20.

„ xilth, 10, 20, 21, 26.

i

El-Bersheh, 10*

Estate (fr-d(), 22.

Ewrers, 33, 36.

| Eye -cosmetic, 28, 33.

False-door, 9, 27, 34*

Family history (of Ukh-hotp), 9,

Fan (used in kitchen), 31*

Fellahin, 15, 25*

Finger (amulet), 28*

„ little (of Horus), 23* i Fishermen, 14, 15*

Fishing, 12*

„ (with net), 14.

,, (with line), 14*

Fletcher, Major, 27.

Flute-player, 10.

Foot-prints, ceremony of Removing the, 29, 32, Foray (of Sesostris III), 13.

| Foreigners, 11, 12.

Fowling, 12, 14*

Fox-skins, 25.

INDEXES.

Fumigations, 28.

Funeral tent, 27.

Funerary ceremonies, 23, 27, 28.

Gazelle, H, 30.

Haematite, 36.

Haniite, 12,

Handkerchief, II, 16.

Hand- washing (before meals), 33, 3b.

Hare Ttome, 10.

Herakleopolitan kings, 20,

Herald, 12.

Herdsmen, 11, 13.

„ lie)a, 12, 13.

» Egyptian, 12.

,, foreign, 13.

Hippopotami, 12, 15.

Hollow (in floor of Inner Hoorn), 0. Hunting, 13.

Hyena, 14.

,, as article of food, 22.

ibex, 14, 22.

Ichneumon, 15,

Incense, 23, 35.

„ magical and ceremonial uses of, 22. Inspection of Nom arch’s cattle, 1 1 .

Iron, 36.

Ktt, possessor of a, 15, 30.

Kitchen, 31.

Kitchen employes (with shaven heads), 31. Libation, 23, 28, 32.

Libation vessel, 23, 2S,

List of Pharaohs (at Karnak and Abydos), 35. List of Offerings, 23, 36.

Loan-herds, IX, 13.

Loaves (of bread), conical, 33.

Lustrations, 28.

Mesore, 13.

Musicians, 11.

Natron, 24, 31, 32.

Naturalism (of Ousite art), 10.

! Nomarchs (of Cusae), 10, 16—23*

Opening of eyes and mouth, 28.

Oryx, 14, 30.

Osiris, 28.

Ox, long-horned, 12.

Oxen, 13, 21.

Proto-Egyptian statu etic, 15.

Papyrus (harvesting), 12.

Pathway, sunk (to statue- recess), 2, Purification (with water), 23.

Purifying the Divine Offerings, 35.

Kcnsi, 20.

I Thurifer, 23.

Tooth-shaped objects, 28.

Turtle, 15.

Unguents, 23, 28, 33.

. Wine, various brands of, 29, 30.

ill.— -EGYPTIAN WORDS.

f-icb’-oxen, 21. imp (adze), 36. }my-hnt, 22, 35.

28.

wrWkklw (adze), 36.

bUt 28, 36.

frt; = copper, 36,

bi**n-pf, 36. hit of the God of the North, 36.

hi t of the God of the South, 36, pr-dt , 22, 36. pr-n dt, 33, 36,

! prt r-hne, 19, 21.

I p&a-ltf, 28.

| tarf-emblem, 11, 25. | m&h? (?) (adze), 28,

| j ndtf't, 28. nw> (adze), 28, ntHyi 28.

/jtfjicir, 31.

-angle), 28, 36. xldptfi (censer), 23.

(or mr) kbhir , 36, dwf-tor (adze), 28, 36, dwn * (adze), 36.

PLATES.

MEIR I IK

TOMB-CHAPEL Bt No. 4,

PLATE I.

GROUND PLAN*

A Statue-recess.

A. B Sockets for do&r^pivots.

0, C Approach to statue-recess,

KC is path below level of rest of floor), D Socket for door-pivot {20 c m. deep; there is no groove for door-frame ),

E Inner room.

The numbers refer to the scenes reproduced on Plates It— XXV! L

_ E	B ■

x	»	11®
>	1 J
l 1	_ 1	1

in

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ui

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SECTION THROUGH INNER ROOM.

OUTER ROOMs SOUTH WALL: CENTRE (5).

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	Nil

INTERIOR OF APPROACH TO STATUE-RECESS: NORTH WALL (13)

MEIR III.

TOMB-CHAPEL B, No, 4.

PLATE XIX.

ili!

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mu

inr uir iio

nno

STATUE-RECESS: ARCHITRAVE AND NORTH AND SOUTH JAMBS (19, 20).

INNER ROOM: NORTH WALL: WEST END (21).

INNER ROOM: NORTH WALL: EAST END (21J.

MS

\1HR III.

PI .A I I XXVIII.

I OMB— CHAPI.I, B, No. 4

PATTERN OF DECORATION AROUND ENTRANCE TO INNER ROOM : (i) ABOVE LINTEL: (2) BESIDE NORTH JAMB: (3) BESIDE SOUTH JAMB.

(See Plate IX.)

MEIR

TOMB— CHAPEL B, No.

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I See PlATk XL)

H* L4vAN« ^UWHINC. tom1

MEIR III

TOMB— CHAPEL B, No

+

PLATE XXX.

Scale 1 : 2

EXTERIOR OF APPROACH TO STATUE-RECESS : PART OF SOUTH WALL,

(See Plate XIV.)

ifWMiwu tour

MEIR III

TOMB-CHAPEL B, No. 4

PLATE XXXI

INNER ROOM: HAST WALL : NORTH OF ENTRANCE; REGISTER

(See in.ATK XX III, 1.)

MEIR III

PLATE XXXII

TOMB— CHAPEL B, No. 4

INNER ROOM: SOUTH WALL: PART OF REGISTER (See I’LAI k XXV.)

MEIR III.

TOMB-CHAPEL 13, No. 4

PI.AT

2. THKHK OH UK H- HOT P’S RETAINERS (See Plate XVIII, ll.

-

!>V M—»-

I 1.1ST OF THF NOMARCHS OF CUSAE AND THFIR WIVES: PART OF REGISTERS 4 K: 5.

(See Plates XI, XXXV. I).

1/

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